Glucagon−like Peptide−1 and−2 Levels in Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin deficiency and increased catabolism may have a role in the regulation of plasma glucagon−like peptide (GLP)−1 and GLP−2 levels in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and whether insulin treatment may affect the levels of these polypeptides

Investigation of giardia intestinalis coproantigensby ELISA in diarrheal stool samples

Amaç: Malatya ilinde yaşayan farklı yaş gruplarına ait dışkı örneklerinde Giardia intestinalis koproantijenlerinin ELISA yöntemiyle belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Üç farklı yaş grubundan (0-12 yaş, 13-30 yaş ve 30 yaş üstü) alınan toplam 92 ishalli dışkı örneğine nativ-lugol ve sedimantasyon yöntemleri uygulanarak mikroskopik inceleme yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu örneklerde Giardia intestinalis korpoantijenleri ELISA (Ridascreen Giardia ELISA kit, R-Biofarm GmbH, Darmstadt, Almanya) ile araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Mikroskopik inceleme ile 92 örneğin 26'sında (%28.3) Giardia intestinalis trofozoit ve/veya kist pozitifliği tespit edilirken, ELISA yöntemiyle üç farklı yaş grubuna ait toplam 29 dışkı örneğinde Giardia intestinalis koproantijen pozitifliği tespit edilmiştir. Yaş gruplarına göre pozitiflik dağılımı sırasıyla %33,3, %35,3 ve %24.0 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışmada sosyo-ekonomik düzey ile yaş faktörünün parazitin epdemiyolojisinde önemli rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Parazit oranını azaltabilmek için Halk sağlığı Müdürlüğü, Kamu hastaneler birliği ve Üniversite işbirliği ile birlikte okul ve kreş gibi toplu yerlerde öğretmen, öğrencilerin ve halkın bilgilendirilmesi önemlidir.Objective: The aim of this study, was to determine of Giardia intestinalis coproantigens by ELISA in diarrheal stool samples belong different age groups in the province of Malatya. Methods: Three different age groups (0-12 years old, 13-30 years old and 30 years old) total of 92 diarrheal stool samples from saline-iodine and sedimentation methods were applied to microscopic examination. In addition, samples of Giardia intestinalis corpoantigens (Ridascreen Giardia ELISA kit, R-Biofarm GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) was investigated using ELISA

The Effects of Negative Ions and Ozone on Various Bacteria and The Evaluation of Their Use in Hospital Wastewater Disinfection

Introduction: In recent years, there has been an increase in hospital and/or community-acquired infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. To prevent or to reduce these infections, reliable, effective disinfection methods are needed to be used in disinfecting the hospital wastewater. In this study, the sensitivity of multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which are often encountered as hospital infection agents to ozone gas and/or negative ions, is investigated, and the use of these disinfection methods in our hospital’s waste water systems is evaluated. Materials and Methods: Our study included multidrug resistant clinical isolates identified by our hospital infection control committee as agents of hospital-acquired infection. Bacterial suspensions were prepared from the isolates at a concentration of 1.5 x 108 cfu/mL and serial dilutions were then made to 1.5 x 102 cfu/mL. Two different ozone generators with an ozone generating capacity at concentrations of 10.5 mg/h and 6.6 mg/h and a negative ionizer with a negative ion output of 3.3 million/cm3 were used. For a total of seven different bacterial concentrations, ozone and/or negative ion application was performed at different application times, and the changes observed in the number of bacteria were recorded. The effectiveness of the ozone on the agar plate surface and in the aqueous medium were examined, and finally, the disinfection efficiency on the waste water treatment system was evaluated by applying ozone to the water samples taken from the entrance and exit points of the hospital wastewater treatment system. Results: It was determined that all bacterial species studied were highly susceptible to ozone gas, and their growth was inhibited in a short exposure time. However, it was observed that high concentrations of ozone gas and/or continuous ozone application might be required, especially at high bacterial concentrations. It was also found that the activity of ozone in the aqueous environment was much higher. It was observed that the negative ions were ineffective at high bacterial concentrations and therefore the use of this method in the disinfection of wastewater systems with high pathogen load was not beneficial. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of ozone gas in the disinfection of hospital wastewater systems is effective and reliable