Correlation in the velocity of a Brownian particle induced by frictional anisotropy and magnetic field

We study the motion of charged Brownian particles in an external magnetic field. It is found that a correlation appears between the components of particle velocity in the case of anisotropic friction, approaching asymptotically zero in the stationary limit. If magnetic field is smaller compared to the critical value, determined by frictional anisotropy, the relaxation of the correlation is non-oscillating in time. However, in a larger magnetic field this relaxation becomes oscillating. The phenomenon is related to the statistical dependence of the components of transformed random force caused by the simultaneous influence of magnetic field and anisotropic dissipation.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Dependence of the superconducting effective mass on doping in cuprates

Using a doping-determined multiband model spectrum of a "typical'' cuprate the effective mass of the paired carriers is calculated on the whole doping scale. Large $m_{ab}$ values quench rapidly with leaving the very underdoped region. Further slower diminishing of $m_{ab}$ reproduces the trend towards restoring the Fermi-liquid behaviour in cuprates with progressive doping. The interband superconducting condensate density ($n_s$) shows similar behaviour to the transition temperature and superconducting gaps. The $n_s(0)/m_{ab}$ ratio has an expressed maximum close to optimal doping as also the thermodynamic critical field. All the overlapping band components are intersected by the chemical potential at this. The pairing strength and the phase coherence develop simultaneously. In spite of its simplicity, the model describes the behaviour of various cuprate characteristics on the doping scale.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Classical and quantum aspets [! aspects] of geodesic multiplication

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4328666~S1*es

Imetajate pseudokinaasi TRIB3 funktsioonid ja regulatsioon

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Tribbles homoloog 3 (TRIB3) on imetajate geen, mille avaldumistase suureneb mitmesuguste rakustresside, näiteks glükoosi- või aminohappepuuduse, endoplasmaatilise retiikulumi stressi, hüpoksia või oksüdatiivse stressi korral. Selle geeni poolt kodeeritav valk TRIB3 on pseudokinaas – valk, mis primaarjärjestuselt sarnaneb proteiinikinaasile, kuid sisaldab asendusi katalüütiliselt kriitilistes aminohappejääkides. TRIB3 reguleerib rakus toimuvad protsesse valk-valk interaktsioonide kaudu. Kirjeldatud on tema seondumist mitmete transkriptsioonifaktoritega, kinaasidega, ubikvitiini ligaasidega ja muud tüüpi valkudega ning sel moel mõjutab TRIB3 raku stressivastust ja rakusurma, arengulisi protsesse, põletikku ja ainevahetust. Käesolevas doktoritöös uuriti mitmeid TRIB3 geeni toimimisega seotud küsimusi nii raku kui ka organismi tasemel, rakendades muuhulgas meie töörühma poolt loodud hiireliini, mille genoomist on eemaldatud Trib3 geen (Trib3−/− hiired). Töös saadud tulemused näitavad, et inimese maksakasvaja rakuliinis muutub rakustressi korral TRIB3 mRNA isovormide hulgas domineerivaks variant, millel on lühenenud 5′-liiderjärjestus, mis võimaldab efektiivsemat valgutootmist. Nuumrakud on immuunrakud, mis viivad ellu allergilisi reaktsioone. Uurides Trib3 rolli hiire nuumrakkude kultuurides, selgus, et Trib3 avaldumist nendes rakkudes suurendab kasvufaktor interleukiin-3 ning Trib3 puudumine vähendab nuumrakkude võimet teostada immunoloogilisi reaktsioone in vitro. Analüüsides Trib3 avaldumist hiire peaajus, tuvastati, et mRNA arvukus kasvab aju lootelise arengu käigus ja sööda tarbimisel, milles puudub asendamatu aminohape. Trib3−/− hiirte aju uurimisel ilmnes, et neil on suurenenud külgmised ajuvatsakesed, kuid muid olulisi erinevusi aju ehituses ei täheldatud ning käitumiskatsete tulemused näitasid, et Trib3−/− hiirtel on tüüpiline pikaajaline ruumimälu, hirmumälu ja võimekus tunnetada sööda aminohappelist koostist. Selgitamaks TRIB3 tähtsust glükoosipuuduse korral teostati ülegenoomne geeniekspressiooni uuring ning leiti, et TRIB3 pidurdab oluliselt IGFBP2 geeni avaldumise mahasurumist glükoosipuuduse käes kannatavates rakkudes, mis on varasemalt kirjeldamata mehhanism toitainepuudusest tingitud rakusurma takistamiseks.Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a mammalian gene that is upregulated in response to several types of cellular stress, including glucose or amino acid deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia and oxidative stress. The TRIB3 protein is a pseudokinase, i.e., a protein that displays sequence similarity to protein kinases but contains substitutions at positions that are critical for catalytic activity in canonical protein kinases. TRIB3 is known to form protein–protein interactions with several transcription factors, protein kinases, ubiquitin ligases and other proteins, and, through these interactions, TRIB3 is implicated in the regulation of the cellular stress response, cell death, developmental processes, inflammation and metabolism. In this dissertation, several aspects of TRIB3 gene regulation and function were studied at the cell and organism levels, facilitated by the generation of a Trib3 knockout mouse line by our group. To obtain a better understanding of TRIB3 induction mechanisms, comparative quantification of different TRIB3 mRNA isoforms was performed in human hepatoma cells, revealing that mRNA isoforms containing a truncated 5′-UTR become predominant in stressful conditions, enhancing the translational potential of the TRIB3 mRNA pool. Studying the role of mouse Trib3 in mast cells, tissue-resident immune cells that mediate allergic responses, it is shown that the growth factor interleukin-3 positively regulates Trib3 expression in these cells, and a lack of Trib3 impairs the immunological functions of mast cells, implicating Trib3 in the modulation of the immune response. Analysis of Trib3 expression in the mouse brain uncovered upregulation during embryonic brain development and after the consumption of an amino acid-deficient diet. Trib3 knockout mice exhibited enlarged lateral ventricles in the brain; nevertheless, long-term spatial memory, fear memory and aversion to amino acid-imbalanced diet appear unaltered by a lack of Trib3. Finally, the role of TRIB3 in the cellular stress response to glucose deficiency was investigated using genome-wide gene expression profiling. Crucially, TRIB3 substantially alleviated the repression of IGFBP2 in glucose-deprived cells, which represents a novel mechanism of deferring cell death caused by nutrient deficiency

Study of temperature dependent atomic correlations in MgB2_{2}

We have studied the evolution with temperature of the local as well as the average crystal structure of MgB$_2$ using the real-space atomic pair distribution function (PDF) measured by high resolution neutron powder diffraction. We have investigated the correlations of the B-B and B-Mg nearest neighbor pair motion by comparing, in the wide temperature range from T=10 K up to T=600 K, the mean-square displacements (MSD) of single atoms with the mean-square relative displacements (MSRD) obtained from the PDF peak linewidths. The results show that the single atom B and Mg vibrations are mostly decoupled from each other, with a small predominance of positive (in phase) correlation factor for both the B-B and B-Mg pairs. The small positive correlation is almost temperature independent, in contrast with our theoretical calculations; this can be a direct consequence of the strong decay processes of the $E_{2g}$ anharmonic phonons

Diffusion and Current of Brownian Particles in Tilted Piecewise Linear Potentials: Amplification and Coherence

Overdamped motion of Brownian particles in tilted piecewise linear periodic potentials is considered. Explicit algebraic expressions for the diffusion coefficient, current, and coherence level of Brownian transport are derived. Their dependencies on temperature, tilting force, and the shape of the potential are analyzed. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the non-monotonic behavior of the diffusion coefficient as a function of temperature are determined. The diffusion coefficient and coherence level are found to be extremely sensitive to the asymmetry of the potential. It is established that at the values of the external force, for which the enhancement of diffusion is most rapid, the level of coherence has a wide plateau at low temperatures with the value of the Peclet factor 2. An interpretation of the amplification of diffusion in comparison with free thermal diffusion in terms of probability distribution is proposed.Comment: To appear in PR