Parametric, Secure and Compact Implementation of RSA on FPGA

We present a fast, efficient, and parameterized modular multiplier and a secure exponentiation circuit especially intended for FPGAs on the low end of the price range. The design utilizes dedicated block multipliers as the main functional unit and Block-RAM as storage unit for the operands. The adopted design methodology allows adjusting the number of multipliers, the radix used in the multipliers, and number of words to meet the system requirements such as available resources, precision and timing constraints. The architecture, based on the Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm, utilizes a pipelining technique that allows concurrent operation of hardwired multipliers. Our design completes 1020-bit and 2040-bit modular multiplications in 7.62 μs and 27.0 μs, respectively. The multiplier uses a moderate amount of system resources while achieving the best area-time product in literature. 2040-bit modular exponentiation engine can easily fit into Xilinx Spartan-3E 500; moreover the exponentiation circuit withstands known side channel attacks

The impact of social trauma on business ethics: The case of Cypriot Turks

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The drive that initiated this doctoral thesis was the absence of a resource that investigated social trauma’s effect on business ethics; therefore this thesis investigates the relationship between social trauma and business ethics practices aiming to make the first contribution on an academically untouched topic. As in the case of individual psychology, social psychology also examines matters on a case-tocase basis for a clear understanding of the underlying phenomena and complex processes. Hence, considering the past and the current characteristics of Cypriot Turks of North Cyprus, they were chosen as the case study society. In order to explore social trauma’s impact on business ethics, different disciplines were uniquely synthesized through particular lenses; large group psychology, business-government-society relationship and individual ethical decision-making. The absence of previous work in this area suggested exploratory, qualitative research to be the optimum approach. Rich primary and secondary data were collected through interviews, observations, photographs and documents. The resulting data analysis and findings contribute to the current body of research on business ethics, social trauma and business-government-society relationship at the empirical and conceptual levels. The key contribution of this research is to substantiate the link between social trauma and business ethics, and the way social trauma causes unethical behaviour through its effect on the institutions and individual-social interaction. Furthermore, a model of social trauma and business ethics relationship was developed which also provides a framework for potential future research in other social contexts. Even after decades, social trauma can impact on the conduct of business and can interfere with the individual ethical decision-making process in multiple ways; the causes and consequences of this are discussed in depth. The way this impact occurs and its particulars may differ from one large group to another, and this should be noted before the framework is applied to any other society.Studentship from Brunel Business Schoo

Fast, compact and secure implementation of rsa on dedicated hardware

RSA is the most popular Public Key Cryptosystem (PKC) and is heavily used today. PKC comes into play, when two parties, who have previously never met, want to create a secure channel between them. The core operation in RSA is modular multiplication, which requires lots of computational power especially when the operands are longer than 1024-bits. Although today’s powerful PC’s can easily handle one RSA operation in a fraction of a second, small devices such as PDA’s, cell phones, smart cards, etc. have limited computational power, thus there is a need for dedicated hardware which is specially designed to meet the demand of this heavy calculation. Additionally, web servers, which thousands of users can access at the same time, need to perform many PKC operations in a very short time and this can create a performance bottleneck. Special algorithms implemented on dedicated hardware can take advantage of true massive parallelism and high utilization of the data path resulting in high efficiency in terms of both power and execution time while keeping the chip cost low. We will use the “Montgomery Modular Multiplication” algorithm in our implementation, which is considered one of the most efficient multiplication schemes, and has many applications in PKC. In the first part of the thesis, our “2048-bit Radix-4 based Modular Multiplier” design is introduced and compared with the conventional radix-2 modular multipliers of previous works. Our implementation for 2048-bit modular multiplication features up to 82% shorter execution time with 33% increase in the area over the conventional radix-2 designs and can achieve 132 MHz on a Xilinx xc2v6000 FPGA. The proposed multiplier has one of the fastest execution times in terms of latency and performs better than (37% better) our reference radix-2 design in terms of time-area product. The results are similar in the ASIC case where we implement our design for UMC 0.18 μm technology. In the second part, a fast, efficient, and parameterized modular multiplier and a secure exponentiation circuit intended for inexpensive FPGAs are presented. The design utilizes hardwired block multipliers as the main functional unit and Block-RAM as storage unit for the operands. The adopted design methodology allows adjusting the number of multipliers, the radix used in the multipliers, and number of words to meet the system requirements such as available resources, precision and timing constraints. The deployed method is based on the Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm and the architecture utilizes a pipelining technique that allows concurrent operation of hardwired multipliers. Our design completes 1020-bit and 2040-bit modular multiplications* in 7.62 μs and 27.0 μs respectively with approximately the same device usage on Xilinx Spartan-3E 500. The multiplier uses a moderate amount of system resources while achieving the best area-time product in literature. 2040-bit modular exponentiation engine easily fits into Xilinx Spartan-3E 500; moreover the exponentiation circuit withstands known side channel attacks with an insignificant overhead in area and execution time. The upper limit on the operand precision is dictated only by the available Block-RAM to accommodate the operands within the FPGA. This design is also compared to the first one, considering the relative advantages and disadvantages of each circuit

Evaluation of the leadership characteristics of secondary school principals from the teachers’ perspective Ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan müdürlerin liderlik davranış özelliklernin öğretmen algılarına göre değerlendirilmesi

Leadership is one of the most extensively discussed topics. Wherever there is management, the manager’s leadership characteristics and behavior related with these have great importance. At schools, it is more crucial to be able to effective than to be able to use authority. In these sense, a principal needs to unite teachers towards a goal and in order to achieve that, should have the necessary leadership characteristics. This article, aims to investigate teachers’ perspective of principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior. The samle derived from the capital city, Nicosia of North Cyprus. In order to determine the principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior both survey and interview methods were applied. Through data, the particular leadership characteristics and behavior have been examined. Findings suggest that, school principals’ leadership characteristics and behavior varies. The most common leadership characteristics and behaviors were coming up with new projects, openly stating requests, and giving importance to following procedurs. The behavior and leadership characteristics that came out the least common were risk taking, being able to positively handle criticism, and being flexible and openness to change. ÖzetLiderlik günümüzde en çok tartışılan konuların başında gelmektdedir. Yönetimin olduğu yerde yöneticinin sahip olduğu ve ortaya koyacağı liderlik davranış özellikleri büyük önem taşımaktadır. Okulda yönetim, yetki kullanmaktan çok, etkili olmayı gerektirmektedir. Liderlikte ise etkileme vardır. Bu bakımdan okul yöneticilerinin, okulu amaçlanan noktaya götürebilmeleri için öğretmenlerde amaç birlikteliği oluşturabilmek için liderlik özellikleri taşıması gerekmektedir.  Bu araştırma, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta Lefkoşa merkezde bulunan ortaöğretim okullarında görev yapan müdürlerin, liderlik davranış özelliklerinin,  öğretmen algılarına göre belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Okul müdürlerinin liderlik davranış özelliklerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla ölçme aracı olarak anket ve mülakat yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında hangi liderlik davranışlarını gösterdiklerini belirlemek hedeflenmiştir. Bulgular okul müdürlerinin liderlik davranış özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Müdürlerin en fazla ortaya koyduğu davranışlar arasında yeni proje üretme, açık şekilde talimat verme, kural ve prensiplere uymayı önemseme yer almaktadır. En düşük olarak öne çıkan liderlik davranışları ise risk alma, eleştirilere açık olma, esnek ve değişime açıklık özellikleridir

PSYCHOANALYTICAL APPROACH TO COMPLEX NARRATIVE IN MOVING IMAGE: NOLAN’S MEMENTO

This article explores Christopher Nolan’s Memento as an exemplar of complex narrative in moving images with a psychoanalytical approach. Psychoanalysis has provided a foundation for commentators, film critics and theorists to analyse cinema. By using Freud’s Iceberg Analogy of the unconscious mind, this article examines the parallelism between the emergence of unconscious complex mental states, how they are expressed through emotions and behaviour in moving images and how spectators reflect their unconscious emotions and mental states. The article focuses on Memento and analyses the movie's character and narrative structure. Memento was chosen as Christopher Nolan captured the scary extent of the human mind's complexity and its unconsciousness. Through complex narrative structures, he created associations between audiences’ unconsciousness and negative emotions of repression and stress associated with it, such as helplessness, fear of having no purpose, misjudgement or unfair treatment. This article examines the scene structures in relation to the complexity of narratives and narratives’ relation to Leonard Shelby’s unconscious mind, through the framework of psychoanalysis and interpretivist approaches by utilising psychoanalytic film theory and text analysis. It concludes that the protagonist, Leonard Shelby, has a detached preconscious and conscious and unconscious resulting from not his head injury but unconsciously using it as a psychological shield. The detachment between levels of consciousness is depicted as a moving image in black and white. This provides stability and consistency to Leonard’s version of narratives, which plays the reverse. The analysis of Memento with a psychoanalytical approach evidences the parallelism between Freud’s Iceberg Analogy of the unconscious mind and humans' complex unconscious mental states and how this is depicted in moving image

The Document that Started Mobile Library Service in Ankara

Makalede Başkent Ankara’da 1969 yılında gezici kütüphane hizmetinin başlatılması nedeniylehalka dağıtılan el ilanına dayalı olarak bazı düşünceler ve ek bilgi paylaşılmaktadır.Some opinions and additional information were shared in the article due to the launch of the mobile library service in the capital Ankara in 1969 based on the flyers which are distributed to public

Magnetic mesoporous silica nanocomposite for biodiesel production

Bu çalışma, 19-24 Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında Antalya[Türkiye]’da düzenlenen 3. International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN)’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Ordered mesoporous silicas can be utilized as support because of having large surface area, tunable porosity, uniform pore size distribution, high thermal stability and modifiable properties. However, these materials introduce separation problems in liquid-phase processes. We have prepared Fe3O4-SBA-15-SO3H solid acid catalyst by combining the properties of a magnetic material and the mesoporous character of silica. The sulfonic acid functionalized solid acid catalyst, containing both magnetic nanoparticles and mesoporous silica, is not only separable but also stable under hydrothermal conditions, which are usually employed for biodiesel production. Esterification of oleic acid with methanol for biodiesel production was carried out effectively and 75% conversion of ester was approximately reached within six hours in the presence of Fe3O4-SBA-15-SO3H magnetic solid acid catalyst. In addition, the catalyst could be separated from the reaction system by applying external magnetic field and reused without deactivation