Canopy analysis and thermographic abnormalities determination possibilities of olive trees by using data mining algorithms

In order to take the appropriate tree protection measures, it is crucial to determine and track abnormalities that may occur in olive trees in time to time for many reasons. Abnormalities start in different sections of the trees, depending on the environmental effects of the olive tree, with a specific impact like fungal diseases, drought, etc. after a certain age especially in non-resistant species. Protection steps may be taken when abnormalities are apparent or predictable in certain olive trees, using some external indicators. However, when abnormalities formed within trees cannot be identified externally, there is a sudden breakdown and overthrow of valuable properties, such as monument trees. In the literature, various devices and methods are explained to classify these defects in different trees. By the way, in this research, a non-destructive inspection method (thermography) was clarified and used to assess anomalies in old olive trees without damage in the interior. According to the results of average thermal data, 60, 400, 600 year-old olive trees, 60-40, 70-30 and 80-20 learning-prediction data rates decision tree and random forest results according to normal and abnormal thermal difference, the thermal range was found as 35.95 ℃ at 60 year-old tree, also it was found as 36.25 ℃ at 400 year-old tree and it was found as 38.25 ℃ at 600 year-old tree

Gemlik Zeytin (Olea europaea L.) Çeşidinde Farklı Dönemlerde Uygulanan Bazı Yaprak Gübrelerinin Meyve Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Dünyada zeytin ajanlarında olduğu gibi, ülkemizde de zeytin ağaçlarının çoğunluğunda genelde sulama ve gübreleme yapılmamaktadır. Bu koşullarda etkili klasik gübreleme uygulamaları kısıtlanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda genelde zeytin ağaçlarının yapraklarında azot, potasyum, fosfor ve bor eksikliği belirlenmiştir. Ancak genç yapraklara yapılacak uygulamalar, dokuya zarar verme riskini ve çiçeklenme öncesi besin maddelerinin verilmesindeki gecikmeyi önemli derecede arttırmaktadır. Zeytinin yapraktan gübrelenmesi konusunda tümüyle etkili bir yöntem bulunamamıştır. Bünyesinde tamamen organik olan Fertivant adlı yapıştırıcı içeren, N, P, K ve/veya B {(10-33-21+1,8B) ve (8-16-40)] içeren zeytine özgü konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanmış olan multi-mineral yaprak gübreleri ile özellikle sofralık zeytinde meyve kalitesini ve verimini artırıcı yönde olumlu etkiler elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda özellikle çiçeklenme öncesi P, B ve K ağrılıklı; küçük meyve döneminde ise, K ağırlıklı gübrelemenin birlikte uygulanması tavsiye edilmektedir

Chemical characterization and storage stability of extra virgin olive oil extracted from Derik Halhalı cultivar

Turkish olive cultivar known as “Halhalı” that is locally grown in Mardin (Derik) province, situated in the southeast Anatolia, was used for virgin olive oil (VOO) production. Halhalı olive was processed in the “Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit” (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy) designed as the first mobile olive mill in Turkey. Some chemical and physical properties (colour, UV absorbance values, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, phenolic and tocopherol profiles) were determined and monitored during one year of storing in the dark at room temperature once in every three months. Results showed that up to the eighth month of storage, free fatty acid content, peroxide and UV-absorption values (K232 and K232 values) did not exceed the limits reported by International Olive Council (IOC) and olive oils were categorized as Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). Colour changed from green to yellow and UV absorbance values altered during storage. Total phenol and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) contents decreased by 18% and 16.38%, respectively. Luteolin and apigenin were the most abundant phenolics and their contents decreased up to 22% and 28% during storing, respectively

Effects of Cutting Size, Rooting Media and Planting Time on Rooting of Domat and Ayvalik Olive Olea europaea L. Cultivars in Shaded Polyethylene Tunnel Spt

Domat difficult to root and Ayvalık easy to root are important olive cultivars for green table olives and olive oil respectively in Turkey. This research was carried out to obtain ready to sale nursery plants of Domat and Ayvalık. It was achieved rooting their cuttings in different sizes and under different media and taken in different times of the crop year in Shaded Polyethylene Tunnels SPT . Cuttings were prepared in three sizes: 1, 2 and 3 nodes with two leaves. Rooting media was; I. Control Sand , II. Perlite: Peat: Sand: Silt 1:1:1:1 , III. Perlite: Peat: Sand: Silt 1:2:1:2 , IV. Perlite: Peat: Sand: Silt 1:1:2:2 , V. Perlite: Peat: Sand: Silt 0:0:1:1 and VI. Perlite: Peat: Sand: Silt 1:0:1:1 . Cuttings were kept in SPT for 60 days for rooting and then kept under shade for another 30 days. Vegetative growth characteristics were determined by studying percent survival rate, callus development and rooting. While, Ayvalık cuttings formed both callus and roots, Domat cuttings formed only callus. The highest callus formation 70% was observed on Ayvalık cuttings 1 node taken in May in 1:0:1:1 rooting media, but the highest rooting 40% was observed on cuttings of three nodes in the same date and media. In Domat, the highest callus was formed on cuttings 3 nodes in May in 1:2:1:2 media. The rooting was very low in Domat however, as it was for Ayvalık too. This was probably because rooting media did not form a suitable environment for adventitious root formation. Cuttings with 1, 2 and 3 nodes carrying 2 leaves differed in percent rooting with different treatments. All three sizes of cuttings can be used in propagation by rooting for the economical use of stock materia