Berberine Synergizes with Cisplatin via Inducing Apoptosis on A549 non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Objective: Lung cancer is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality. Platinum-based chemotherapy, which is the primary line of treatment, offers limited benefit due to drug resistance and side effects. Berberine (BBR), which is characterised by its potent and safe anticancer activity, represents a promising combination option in chemotherapy. To overcome the limitations in lung cancer chemotherapy, we investigated whether BBR and cisplatin (CIS) exert synergistic effects on non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) based on cytotoxicity and apoptotic response markers. Methods: The potential cytotoxic effects of the combination treatment were evaluated using the MTT and Chou-Talalay methods. Elisa assays were also performed to measure the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the effector protein caspase (Cas)-3. Results: The results showed that BBR alone reduced A549 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and synergized with CIS (CI =0.34±0.05 at IC50 concentrations). Elisa results showed that the combined treatment (both at IC50 concentrations) modulated apoptotic signalling pathways in A549 cells. Bax and Cas3 protein levels were dramatically enhanced in A549 cells treated with CIS +BBR compared to control (0.5% DMSO) (p \u3c 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that BBR can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of CIS in A549 cells. The potential therapeutic efficacy of BBR as part of a combination in current chemotherapy should be supported by in-depth research and clinical studies on the molecular mechanisms associated with cancer

Sleep Disorders during Adolescence

Sleep disorders during adolescence period increase each year and adversely affect the physical and mental health of adolescents. After-school social activities and various work outside the school may cause delays in bedtime. In addition, there can be shifts in the circadian rhythm due to a number of biological changes seen in the transition to adolescence, which can result in a wide range of sleep problems, such as not being able to fall asleep at night, difficulty waking up in the morning, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation and deterioration in sleep quality. It is important to know the causes of sleep disorders, possible effects on physical health and mental health, and protective and risk-forming factors seen in adolescent period; to intervene in these disorders and to develop preventive measures. Preventive measures, such as increasing awareness about sleep disorders in adolescents, informing families and adolescents about the issue, and organizing school start-up times for this age group, may contribute significantly to solving this important issue, which has increased year-to-year

Tetanus seroepidemiology and factors influencing immunity status among farmers of advanced age

Objectives Tetanus, which is a vaccine preventable disease, remains a significant health concern. The mortality is especially high in elderly and farming is a significant risk factor for the disease. This study evaluates the serological immunity of tetanus and the related factors, in a farmer population.Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in a village located in the western part of Turkey. Volunteer farmers over the age of 50 were included in the study. The study group was determined by the systematic sampling method. IgG class tetanus antibody was measured in sera of each participant. A structured questionnaire evaluating the demographic characteristics was completed by the investigators.Results A total of 293 participants (55.3% female, 44.7% male) were recruited from March 2010 to June 2010. A serum protective tetanus antitoxin level (>0.1 IU/ml) was detected in 99 out of 293 (33.9%) of participants. According to univariate analysis; advancing age, female gender, lower education, low monthly income, presence of chronic disease, absent or incomplete vaccination history or being unvaccinated in the last ten years were risk factors for insufficient tetanus immunity. After multiple logistic regression analysis, up-to-date vaccination, gender and age were the only factors that remained independently associated with immune status (p Tetanus Seroepidemiology Farmer Advanced age

Quality by design approach with design of experiment for sample preparation techniques

The quality by design (QbD) based approach has begun to be embedded in various method development. Studies show that with the design of experiment tool, the analysis process has become more efficient, faster, and easier. The analysis has two components: Method development and sample preparation. Sample preparation can be at least as difficult as method development, and sometimes even more difficult. Therefore, in addition to the new techniques and materials developed in sample preparation, the QbD approach can significantly reduce the workload of the analysts and provide analysis with high accuracy and precision. So far, very limited studies have been come across in the literature about the QbD approach. The review in question has been prepared to encourage and guide researchers on this subject, and will greatly support this deficiency

TÜRKİYE’DEKİ GÜNCEL MUHASEBE MEVZUATINA GÖRE FİNANSAL ARAÇLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI VE DEĞERLEME HÜKÜMLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Bu çalışmada finansal araçlar konusu kapsamına giren hesap gruplarının Türkiye’deki güncel muhasebe mevzuatı açısından sınıflandırma ve değerleme hükümlerinin karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan incelemede finansal araçların Türkiye Muhasebe/Finansal Raporlama Standartları (TMS/TFRS)’nda değerleme yöntemi çerçevesinde sınıflandırırken Muhasebe Sistemi Uygulama Genel Tebliğlerinde (MSUGT) ise hesap planı çerçevesinde sınıflandırıldığı görülmektedir. Büyük ve Orta Boy İşletmeler İçin Finansal Raporlama Standartları (BOBİ FRS)’nda ise MSUGT ile tam uyumlu olmasa da hesap grupları bazlı bir sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Finansal araçlar TMS/TFRS’ye göre ilke bazlı bir değerlemeye tabi tutulmuşken, MSUGT değerleme hükümlerine yer vermemiş olup bu konuda Vergi Usul Kanunu (VUK)’na atıf yapmıştır. VUK’da ise uygulama netliği açısından daha kesin hükümler bulunmaktadır. BOBİ FRS ise bazı konularda TMS/TFRS ile bazı konularda ise MSUGT-VUK ile uyumludur.In this study, a comparison of the account groups’ validation and classification provisions, within the scope of the financial instruments issue, has been made under the perspective of actual accounting legislations. It is seen that the financial instruments are classified within the framework of the Turkish Accounting / Financial Reporting Standards (TMS/TFRS in Turkish abbreviation) valuation method while The Communiques of Accounting Application System (MSUGT in Turkish abbreviation) are classified under the account plan. In Financial Reporting Standard for Large and Medium Size Enterprises (BOBİ FRS in Turkish abbreviation), however it is not fully compatible with its MSUGT, a classification based on account groups has been made. While the financial instruments were subject to a principle-based valuation according to TMS / TFRS, it did not include valuation provisions of the MSUGT and refered to the Tax Procedure Law (VUK in Turkish abbreviation). There are more definite provisions in The VUK in terms of application clarity. BOBİ FRS is compatible with TMS / TFRS in some cases and MSUGT-VUK in some cases

Does military expenditure impact environmental sustainability in developed Mediterranean countries?

This study aims to examine the relationship between military expenditure and environmental sustainability in developed Mediterranean countries: Greece, France, Italy, and Spain. Sustainable economic growth is strictly related to energy consumption which leads to producing a higher level of carbon emissions. Besides, there may be a nexus between military expenditures and environmental pollution. This study focuses on developed Mediterranean countries since carbon emissions and greenhouse gas emissions are relatively high in these countries. Furthermore, France and Italy are the top countries in terms of total military spending. We investigate the relationship between military expenditure and carbon emissions using the Global Vector Autoregression model proposed by Pesaran et al. (J Bus Econ Stat 22 129:162, Pesaran et al., J Bus Econ Stat 22:129–162, 2004) and Dees et al. (J Appl Econ 22(1):38, Dees et al., J Appl Econ 22:1–38, 2007) between 1965 and 2019. The empirical findings indicated that the relationship between carbon emission and military expenditure should be taken into account from a global perspective for environmental sustainability, and an increase in the global military expenditure seems to be very harmful to the global environment. It can be concluded that country-based prevention cannot provide the desired solution in combating environmental pollution. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

The effect of systemic vancomycin on central venous catheter colonization

Central venous catheter (CVC) related infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We undertook a clinical follow-up study in order to determine the value of systemic vancomycin usage before catheter insertion against catheter colonization. During the study period 70 patients with central venous catheters were prospectively studied. Patients were selected to one of two groups. All patients using vancomycin, without any other antibiotics, due to previous catheter related bacteraemia, were selected for group A. At the end of the vancomycin therapy a new CVC was inserted to a new site within an hour after the last dose (8 mg/kg). All the patients who had not used any antibiotics before and during catheter insertion were selected for Group B. None of the patients in both groups received any antibiotics for the duration that their catheters were kept in place. The catheters were removed at the end of the 7th day and cultured. In group A and group B colonization was detected with six (24.4%) and with 34 (75.6 %) CVCs, respectively. In group B colonization was detected with a significantly higher rate in comparison with group A with an odds ratio of 17.53 (95% CI: 4.150-7.054). In group A Gram positive cocci was not isolated from the catheter tip in comparison with group B in which the most commonly isolated organisms were Gram-positive cocci (n=21, 58.3%) (p<0.001). These results observed in a relatively homogeneous patient population, suggest that systemic usage of vancomycin before catheter insertion may reduce the incidence of CVC colonization, especially with Gram-positive cocci, and Gram-negative organisms dominate for the colonization

Is isepamicin a solution for aminoglycoside resistance?

Aminoglycosides are commonly used antibiotics especially in hospital-acquired infections. As a result of their widespread usage, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing. Isepamicin is a newly developed aminoglycoside and it is claimed that resistance to this antibiotic will develop in lower frequency in comparison with other aminoglycosides. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance patterns of Gram-negative isolates to aminolycosides and to compare isepamicin with other aminoglycosides. All Gram-negative bacteriae isolated from blood and other cultures during the years 2000-2001 were tested against gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin and isepamicin. The in-vitro susceptibility tests were performed by disk diffusion method. In total 3683 Gram-negative isolates were studied. According to our results, netilmicin (66.4%) was the most effective aminoglycoside. It was followed by isepamicin (64%), amikacin (63%), tobramicin (55.9%) and gentamicin (51.9%). Netilmicin was also the most effective aminoglycoside against Gram-negative bacteriae isolated from blood culture. Amikacin (62.6%) and isepamicin (62.5%) were equally effective against these isolates. In conclusion, netilmicin was the most effective aminoglycoside against Gram negative bacteriae. The resistance to isepamicin was significant