ANEMIA HEMOLÍTICA INDUZIDA POR MEDICAMENTOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (AHIM) is a rare complication, resulting from the interaction of certain substances with the erythrocyte membrane, which can be fatal if not quickly elucidated. The anemia can occur in response to the use of any drug therapy and is often underdiagnosed. Thus, the present study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on drug-induced hemolytic anemia in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Capes Periodicals published in the last five years. During the study, 19 scientific articles were selected in the present review, of which 18 were case reports and 1 was a retrospective study. It was observed that in only one study, the clinical outcome resulting from the AHIM was the death of the patient. Altogether, the research revealed 19 active principles related to drug-induced hemolysis.La anemia hemolítica inducida por fármacos (AHIM) es una complicación rara, resultante de la interacción de ciertas sustancias con la membrana del eritrocito, que puede ser fatal si no se aclara rápidamente. La anemia puede ocurrir en respuesta al uso de cualquier terapia farmacológica y muchas veces es infradiagnosticado. Así, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre anemia hemolítica inducida por fármacos en PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y Capes Periodicals publicada en los últimos cinco años. Durante el estudio se seleccionaron 19 artículos científicos en la presente revisión, de los cuales 18 fueron reportes de casos y 1 fue un estudio retrospectivo. Se observó que en sólo un estudio, el desenlace clínico resultante de la AHIM fue la muerte del paciente. En total, la investigación reveló 19 principios activos relacionados con la hemólisis inducida por fármacos.A anemia hemolítica induzida por medicamentos (AHIM) é uma complicação rara, decorrente da interação de certas substâncias com a membrana dos eritrócitos, e que pode ser fatal se não elucidada rapidamente. A anemia pode ocorrer em resposta ao uso de qualquer terapia medicamentosa e muitas vezes é subdiagnosticada. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre anemia hemolítica induzida por medicamentos nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Periódicos Capes publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Ao longo do estudo foram selecionados 19 artigos científicos na presente revisão, dos quais 18 foram relatos de caso e 1 foi estudo retrospectivo. Observou-se que em apenas uma pesquisa o desfecho clínico decorrente da AHIM foi o óbito do paciente. Ao todo, a pesquisa revelou 19 princípios ativos relacionados com quadro de hemólise induzida por drogas.A anemia hemolítica induzida por medicamentos (AHIM) é uma complicação rara, decorrente da interação de certas substâncias com a membrana dos eritrócitos, e que pode ser fatal se não elucidada rapidamente. A anemia pode ocorrer em resposta ao uso de qualquer terapia medicamentosa e muitas vezes é subdiagnosticada. Dessa maneira, o presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre anemia hemolítica induzida por medicamentos nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Periódicos Capes publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Ao longo do estudo foram selecionados 19 artigos científicos na presente revisão, dos quais 18 foram relatos de caso e 1 foi estudo retrospectivo. Observou-se que em apenas uma pesquisa o desfecho clínico decorrente da AHIM foi o óbito do paciente. Ao todo, a pesquisa revelou 19 princípios ativos relacionados com quadro de hemólise induzida por drogas

Could natural products modulate early inflammatory responses, preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19-confirmed patients?

Background: The ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) is a severe respiratory syndrome that was recently associated as the main death cause in the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Hence, in order to prevent ARDS, the pulmonary function maintenance has been the target of several pharmacological approaches. However, there is a lack of reports regarding the use of effective pharmaceutical active natural products (PANPs) for early treatment and prevention of COVID-19-related ARDS. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review regarding the PANPs that could be further studied as alternatives to prevent ARDS. Consequently, this work can pave the way to spread the use of PANPs on the prevention of ARDS in COVID-19-confirmed or -suspected patients. Methods: The search strategy included scientific studies published in English from 2015 to 2020 that promoted the elucidation of anti-inflammatory pathways targeting ARDS by in vitro and/or in vivo experiments using PANPs. Then, 74 studies regarding PANPs, able to maintain or improve the pulmonary function, were reported. Conclusions: The PANPs may present different pulmonary anti-inflammatory pathways, wherein (i) reduction/attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (ii) increase of the anti-inflammatory mediators’ levels, (iii) pulmonary edema inhibition and (iv) attenuation of lung injury were the most observed biological effects of such products in in vitro experiments or in clinical studies. Finally, this work highlighted the PANPs with promising potential to be used on respiratory syndromes, allowing their possible use as alternative treatment at the prevention of ARDS in COVID-19-infected or -suspected patients

Use of Natural Products in Asthma Treatment

Asthma, a disease classified as a chronic inflammatory disorder induced by airway inflammation, is triggered by a genetic predisposition or antigen sensitization. Drugs currently used as therapies present disadvantages such as high cost and side effects, which compromise the treatment compliance. Alternatively, traditional medicine has reported the use of natural products as alternative or complementary treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge reported in the literature about the use of natural products for asthma treatment. The search strategy included scientific studies published between January 2006 and December 2017, using the keywords “asthma,” “treatment,” and “natural products.” The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) studies that aimed at elucidating the antiasthmatic activity of natural-based compounds or extracts using laboratory experiments (in vitro and/or in vivo); and (ii) studies that suggested the use of natural products in asthma treatment by elucidation of its chemical composition. Studies that (i) did not report experimental data and (ii) manuscripts in languages other than English were excluded. Based on the findings from the literature search, aspects related to asthma physiopathology, epidemiology, and conventional treatment were discussed. Then, several studies reporting the effectiveness of natural products in the asthma treatment were presented, highlighting plants as the main source. Moreover, natural products from animals and microorganisms were also discussed and their high potential in the antiasthmatic therapy was emphasized. This review highlighted the importance of natural products as an alternative and/or complementary treatment source for asthma treatment, since they present reduced side effects and comparable effectiveness as the drugs currently used on treatment protocols

Thermo-Oxidative Stability Evaluation of Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil

Bullfrog oil (BO), a natural product obtained from recycling of adipose tissue from the amphibian Rana catesbeiana Shaw, has been recently evaluated as a therapeutic activity ingredient. This work aimed to evaluate the long-term and accelerated thermal oxidative stabilities of this product, which is a promising raw material for emulsion technology development. BO was extracted from amphibian adipose tissue at 70 °C with a yield of 60% ± 0.9%. Its main fatty acid compounds were oleic (30.0%) and eicosapentaenoic (17.6%) acids. Using titration techniques, BO showed peroxide, acid, iodine and saponification indices of 1.92 mEq·O2/kg, 2.95 mg·KOH/g oil, 104.2 g I2/100 g oil and 171.2 mg·KOH/g oil, respectively. In order to improve the accelerated oxidative stability of BO, synthetic antioxidants butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and buthylhydroxyanisole (BHA) were used. The addition of BHT increased the oxidation induction time compared to the pure oil, or the oil containing BHA. From the results, the best oil-antioxidant mixture and concentration to increase the oxidative stability and allow the oil to be a stable raw material for formulation purposes was derived

Recent Trends in Curcumin-Containing Inorganic-Based Nanoparticles Intended for In Vivo Cancer Therapy

Curcumin is a natural compound that has been widely investigated thanks to its various biological properties, including antiproliferative. This molecule acts on different cancers such as lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal, etc. However, the bioactive actions of curcumin have limitations when its physicochemical properties compromise its pharmacological potential. As a therapeutic strategy against cancer, curcumin has been associated with inorganic nanoparticles. These nanocarriers are capable of delivering curcumin and offering physicochemical properties that synergistically enhance anticancer properties. This review highlights the different types of curcumin-based inorganic nanoparticles and discusses their physicochemical properties and in vivo anticancer activity in different models of cancer

Freeze-drying of emulsified systems: A review

International audienc

Optimization of the freeze-drying process for microemulsion systems

International audienc

Buccal Bullfrog (<i>Rana catesbeiana</i> Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis

Oral candidiasis (OC) is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms of the genus Candida, leading to lesions in the buccal cavity. Its treatment consists of the administration of topical or systemic antifungal agents, which may compromise the patient compliance due to its side effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. In this scenario, bullfrog oil, an animal oil composed of a pool of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, is introduced as a potential antifungal raw material. Thus, the aim of this work was to produce a mucoadhesive emulsified system able to deliver the bullfrog oil in the buccal cavity to treat the OC. The emulsion was produced and characterized by visual inspection, droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential over the course of 60 days. In addition, its mucoadhesive ability was evaluated using an in vitro mucin model. The antifungal activity, evaluated by the broth microdilution assay and the biocompatibility, performed against human erythrocytes, were also carried out. The emulsion showed a droplet size of 320.79 &#177; 35.60 nm, a PdI of 0.49 &#177; 0.08, and a zeta potential of &#8722;38.53 &#177; 6.23 mV, with no significant changes over 60 days. The mucoadhesive properties of the system was improved by the use of pharmaceutical excipients. The antifungal activity showed that the bullfrog oil and the emulsion were able to inhibit the growth of different Candida species. Furthermore, the emulsion showed no significant hemolytic effect. Overall, the system showed suitable physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility, with substantial in vitro antifungal activity, suggesting that this system can be further investigated for OC treatment

Copaiba Oil-Loaded Polymeric Nanocapsules: Production and In Vitro Biosafety Evaluation on Lung Cells as a Pre-Formulation Step to Produce Phytotherapeutic Medicine

Copaiba oil has been largely used due to its therapeutic properties. Nanocapsules were revealed to be a great nanosystem to carry natural oils due to their ability to improve the bioaccessibility and the bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize copaiba oil nanocapsules (CopNc) and to evaluate their hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Copaiba oil was chemically characterized by GC-MS and FTIR. CopNc was produced using the nanoprecipitation method. The physicochemical stability, toxicity, and biocompatibility of the systems, in vitro, were then evaluated. Β-bisabolene, cis-α-bergamotene, caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were identified as the major copaiba oil components. CopNc showed a particle size of 215 ± 10 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.01, and a zeta potential of −18 ± 1. These parameters remained unchanged over 30 days at 25 ± 2 °C. The encapsulation efficiency of CopNc was 54 ± 2%. CopNc neither induced hemolysis in erythrocytes, nor cytotoxic and genotoxic in lung cells at the range of concentrations from 50 to 200 μg·mL−1. In conclusion, CopNc showed suitable stability and physicochemical properties. Moreover, this formulation presented a remarkable safety profile on lung cells. These results may pave the way to further use CopNc for the development of phytotherapeutic medicine intended for pulmonary delivery of copaiba oil