Activated drying in hydrophobic nanopores and the line tension of water

International audienceWe study the slow dynamics of water evaporation out of hydro-phobic cavities by using model porous silica materials grafted with octylsilanes. The cylindrical pores are monodisperse, with a radius in the range of 1–2 nm. Liquid water penetrates in the nanopores at high pressure and empties the pores when the pressure is lowered. The drying pressure exhibits a logarithmic growth as a function of the driving rate over more than three decades, showing the ther-mally activated nucleation of vapor bubbles. We find that the slow dynamics and the critical volume of the vapor nucleus are quantita-tively described by the classical theory of capillarity without adjust-able parameter. However, classical capillarity utterly overestimates the critical bubble energy. We discuss the possible influence of surface heterogeneities, long-range interactions, and high-curvature effects, and we show that a classical theory can describe vapor nucleation provided that a negative line tension is taken into account. The drying pressure then provides a determination of this line tension with much higher precision than currently available methods. We find consistent values of the order of −30 pN in a variety of hydrophobic materials. drying transition | hydrophobicity | kinetics | nanobubbles

Thermally Activated Dynamics of the Capillary Condensation

This paper is devoted to the thermally activated dynamics of the capillary condensation. We present a simple model which enables us to identify the critical nucleus involved in the transition mechanism. This simple model is then applied to calculate the nucleation barrier from which we can obtain informations on the nucleation time. We present a simple estimation of the nucleation barrier in slab geometry both in the two dimensional case and in the three dimensional case. We extend the model in the case of rough surfaces which is closer to the experimental case and allows comparison with experimental datas.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to J. Phys. : Condens. Matter, Proceedings of the IV Liquid Matter Conference - Grenada(Spain) july 199

Aging in humid granular media

Aging behavior is an important effect in the friction properties of solid surfaces. In this paper we investigate the temporal evolution of the static properties of a granular medium by studying the aging over time of the maximum stability angle of submillimetric glass beads. We report the effect of several parameters on these aging properties, such as the wear on the beads, the stress during the resting period, and the humidity content of the atmosphere. Aging effects in an ethanol atmosphere are also studied. These experimental results are discussed at the end of the paper.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure

Water in hydrophobic micropores : dynamical behavior

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Dynamical response of water confined in hydrophobic nanometric sized porous matrices

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Flow rate in individual nanopores: a direct sensor with picoliter per minute sensitivity

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Indenter du verre avec un liquide ?

Pour décrire les écoulements à des échelles nanométriques, on postule souvent que les fluides conservent leur comportement macroscopique à ces échelles et peuvent être décrits par des approches de type « milieu continu ». La question suivante se pose alors naturellement : jusqu’à quelle taille de confinement cette hypothèse reste-t-elle valable? Dans cet article, nous montrons qu’en réalité des liquides newtoniens conservent leurs propriétés mécaniques ordinaires à ces échelles, et que l’élasticité mesurée est en fait celle des parois qui confinent. Il faudra en tenir compte à l’avenir. Cela ouvre une piste nouvelle : utiliser un liquide pour sonder une paroi solide

A sensor to measure flow rate in individual nanopore

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