FERTILIDADE DO SOLO E SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS EM ÁREA DE CAVA DE EXTRAÇÃO DE ARGILA REVEGETADA COM EUCALIPTO E LEGUMINOSAS NO NORTE FLUMINENSE

The revegetation of areas of clay extraction with eucalyptus and legumes can promote the improvement of soil chemical atributtes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pure plantations and intercropping of legumes and eucalyptus on soil fertility and the content of total organic carbon and humic substances, in a mining digging clay in North Fluminense. The original soil dig area under study is a Inceptsol where the surface layer (thickness of 20 cm approximately), with higher concentrations of organic matter was removed and returned to the bottom of the dig after the extraction of clay. The dig was leveled mechanically and kept under fallow for two years. Revegetation was performed with the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Euc), Acacia mangium (Ac) and Sesbania virgata (Sesb), in pure and intercropped. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments (pure stands of Euc, Ac and Sesb; Intercropping of Euc + Ac + Euc Sesb, Ac + Sesb, and degraded area with natural vegetation (DANV)) and three replications. At 48 months after implantation of the systems were sampled soil layer from 0.00 to 0.05 m, which evaluated some variables of soil fertility (pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Al+3, H + Al), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen (N) and quantified the carbon of humic substances in the humin carbon (C-HUM), humic acid carbon (C-FAH ) and fulvic acid (C-FAF). It was observed that all stands promoted increases in the concentration Ca, Mg, P, K, N, TOC, HUM C-C-C-FAF and HAF relative to DANV. The revegetation of areas of mining digging clay in North Fluminense pure stands or mixed with eucalyptus and legumes, leads to improvements in soil fertility and carbon and total soil nitrogen and carbon of humic substances. At four years after revegetation systems are indicated, in general, to result in increases in TOC, total N, Mg, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity, there is the planting of acacia plantations among pure, and the planting of eucalyptus + sesbania, among Intercropping. In addition, the consortium eucalyptus + sesbania, presented one of the highest levels of C humin fraction.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509819606A revegetação de áreas de extração de argila com eucalipto e leguminosas pode favorecer a melhoria dos atributos químicos do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de plantios puros e consorciados de leguminosas e eucalipto na fertilidade do solo e nos teores de carbono orgânico total e das substâncias húmicas, em uma cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense. O solo original da área da cava em estudo é um Cambissolo Háplico Sódico gleico, no qual a camada superficial (espessura de 20 cm, aproximadamente), com maiores teores de matéria orgânica, foi retirada e devolvida ao fundo da cava após a extração da argila. A cava foi nivelada mecanicamente e mantida sob pousio durante dois anos. A revegetação foi realizada com as espécies Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Euc), Acacia mangium (Ac) e Sesbania virgata (Sesb), em plantios puros e consorciados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos (plantios puros de Euc, Ac e Sesb; plantios consorciados de Euc + Ac, Euc + Sesb, Ac + Sesb; e área degradada com vegetação espontânea (ADVE)) e três repetições. Aos 48 meses após implantação dos sistemas foram coletadas amostras de solo na camada de 0,00 a 0,05 m, em que se avaliaram algumas variáveis da fertilidade do solo (pH em água, P, K+; Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Al+3, H+Al), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio (N) e quantificado o carbono das substâncias húmicas em carbono da humina (C-HUM), carbono da fração ácido húmico (C-FAH) e ácido fúlvico (C-FAF). Observou-se que todos os plantios promoveram aumentos nos teores Ca, Mg, P, K, N, COT, C-HUM, C-FAH e C-FAF em relação à ADVE. A revegetação de áreas de cava de extração de argila no Norte Fluminense com plantios puros ou consorciados de eucalipto e leguminosas, acarreta em melhorias da fertilidade do solo e dos teores de carbono e nitrogênio totais do solo e do carbono das substâncias húmicas. Aos quatro anos após a revegetação, os sistemas mais indicados, de uma forma geral, para acarretar em aumentos dos teores de COT, N total, Mg, soma de bases e capacidade de troca catiônica, destaca-se o plantio de acácia, dentre os plantios puros, e o plantio de eucalipto + sesbânia, dentre os plantios consorciados. Além disso, o consórcio eucalipto + sesbânia, apresentou um dos maiores teores C da fração humina

PRODUCTION OF AUSTRALIAN CEDAR SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTAINERS

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the growth and the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in Australian cedar seedlings which had been inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in different types of containers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was that of randomized complete blocks (RCB), with a 4 x 4 factorial design consisting of four inoculation treatments with AMF (Rhizophagus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, a mixed inoculation (R. clarum + G. margarita) and the control (with no AMF inoculation); four types of containers (plastic bags measuring 250 cm3, tubes of 55 and 130 cm3 and pressed blocks 440 cm3. plant-1), with four repetitions. The height, the diameter of the stem base, the aerial part dry weight (APDW), the dry weight of the root (DWR) and the total plant dry weight (DW) were measured, along with the Dickson quality index, the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization and the levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the aerial part dry weight. One hundred and thirty eight days (138) days after sowing, the greatest growth and/or the highest levels of P, K and Ca could be observed in the aerial part dry weight of the Australian cedar seedlings which had been planted in the pressed block container and inoculated with a mixture of the two AMF species (G. margarita + R. clarum) or with just R. clarum. Thus it can be seen that AMF can make a significant contribution to the production of Australian cedar seedlings