Design, Characterization and in vitro Simulations of nano-HAP/GO Composite Drug Delivery System Produced by Hydrothermal Methods Loaded with Paclitaxel

In this study, it was aimed to develop a nano drug system that can be used in passive targeting in pancreatic cancer treatment. Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (n-HAP) produced by hydrothermal process and graphene oxide (GO) produced by hummers method were used to increase the carrier capacity of the nano drug system and to activate the drug release kinetics and drug loading capacity. Analyses performed for nanocomposite drug carrier systems; FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET analysis, Zeta potential, TEM and SEM. Paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, was loaded into HAP nanocrystals (PTX- loaded n-HAP) and its activity on pancreatic cancer cells was investigated. When PTX was 1 and 2 mg, Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) and Drug Loading Content (LC) were 79.17-72.24% and 80.01-80.27%, respectively, for H-n-HAP crystal structure only, while EE and LC were 88.57-81.57% and 90.84-110.57%, respectively, when H-n-HAP crystal structure was loaded with 1 and 2 mg PTX together with GO. Here, it was observed PTX release profiles are according to the Hixson model. According to Fick's law, release profile was observed with values of k=1.89, n=0.21, SSD=0.04, R2=0.997, FIC=2.03, SD=0.004. In cell culture studies, as GO nanomaterials were loaded into H-n-HAP nanocrystal structure, the effect of PTX drug on pancreatic cancer increased and the viability of cancer cells decreased. It can be concluded that H-n-HAP/GO/PTX nanocomposite structure kills more pancreatic cancer cells with synergistic effect

A Comparative Study of Release Kinetics Behavior Models and Shelf Life Assessment of Bacitracin Zinc-Loaded Pla Composites

Mathematical modeling aims to simplify the complex process of drug release and to gain knowledge about the release mechanisms specific to a given material system. Consequently, a mathematical model focuses primarily on one or two important factors. Drug release aims to maximize the bioactivity of both naturally derived and synthetically derived macromolecules, thus increasing their clinical applicability and improving the overall quality of life. This study focused on fabricating PLA composites with different weight percentages of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and evaluating their potential as a drug delivery system. To understand the release mechanism of Bacitracin Zinc from the PLA composites, we developed a Franz diffusion kinetic model and a mathematical model for cumulative release kinetics. The Franz diffusion model was utilized to analyze the release behavior of the PLA/Bacitracin Zinc composite structure. The results indicated a sustained release rate, following a Zero Order release kinetics pattern. Furthermore, the shelf life of the composite structure was determined to be 125 days. Python programming was employed to model the release behavior and estimate the shelf life of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) incorporated into the PLA matrix to compare different weight percentages' behavior and shelf life

Preparation of PLGA-PEG/Hydroxyapatite Composites via Simple Methodology of Film Formation and Assessment of Their Structural, Thermal, and Biological Features

This study aimed to develop polymeric composite films suitable for applications in the field of bone tissue engineering. The preparation of PLGA-PEG/HAP composite films was achieved using a simple methodology, including mixing, sonication, and casting-drying stages. Characterization analyses, including FTIR, SEM, TGA-DSC, and XRD, were conducted to assess the properties of the composite films. The results showed that the PEG polymer decreased the glass transition temperature of the composite, while the HAP did not change. Further, weight remaining (%) values of HAP, PLGA-PEG, and PLGA-PEG/HAP were found as 94.04, 88.28, and 90.57, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that HAP improves the thermal stability of PLGA-PEG. The outcomes of the analysis, encompassing the evaluation of physical, morphological, and thermal properties, demonstrate that the composite structure comprising PLGA and PEG polymers along with HAP ceramic material may attain the intended quality. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy was employed to visualize the interaction between cells and the composite films following DAPI staining to evaluate cell adhesion and proliferation on the PLGA-PEG/HAP composite films. PLGA-PEG/HAP composite films have no adverse effects on cells, such as toxicity, and they have also exhibited a favorable influence on cell proliferation, supporting an augmentation in cellular growth and adhesion. Overall, the results indicate that the synthesized PLGA-PEG/HAP composite films may hold the potential to serve as a promising candidate for applications in the field of bone tissue engineering

Nanotechnology and COVID-19: Prevention, diagnosis, vaccine, and treatment strategies

In December 2019, Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, which affected the whole world, is emerged. The details on the epidemiology, infection source, transmission mode, and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 gave in this review. Universal infection control standards such as hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, use of personal protective equipment, and quarantine used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 without vaccine. However, many vaccine candidate studies carried out globally with using traditional and technological approaches. Innovations in technology allow the development of nanotechnological tools and the formation of systems that will inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in patients. It expected to include technologies that combine different disciplines, especially robotic applications, antimicrobial nanotechnology, and tissue engineering for the future treatment of COVID-19. This review-based work discusses the relationship of COVID-19 and nanotechnology based working principles

Relation of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with stable ischemic heart diseas

Aim: Atherosclerosis begins from an early age and manifests in later years as Coronary artery disease (CAD). This inflammatory process is aggravated by age, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and genetic factors. We aimed to investigate which isoform of APOE is related to extensive coronary lesions in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods: This study was carried on single center. One hundred and ten patients diagnosed with stable coronary artery disease by coronary angiogram were enrolled consecutively. Syntax score was calculated by a tool of website calculator (www. syntax.com). According to the Syntax score, patients were split into three groups. APOE genotyping was performed through blood samples. Patients split into three groups according to the APOE genotypes: E4 (3/4 and 4/4 genotypes), E3(3/3 genotype), E2 (2/2 and 2/3 genotypes). APOE groups were compared according to baseline characteristics and syntax scores. (%82.6) değil (82.6%) olacak. Lütfen İngilizce kurala göre düzeltiniz. Tüm sayısal değerlerde virgülleri de nokta yapmayı unutmayınız. Results: Coronary angiography and APOE genotypes of 98 patients were analyzed. 81 of patients (%82.6) had E3E3 allele; 6 of patients (%6.1) had E2E3 allele; 10 patients (%10.2) had E3E4 allele and 1 patient (%1) had E2E4 allele. Due to the contrast effect of E2 and E4 on CAD, we excluded patients with E2E4 allele from the study. Firstly, we assessed distribution of APOE genotype E2 (E2E3), E3 (E3E3 and E3E4), E4 (E3E4) within 3 groups of syntax scores. Total of 6 patients of E2 allele was at low syntax score group. 83 patients of E3 allele were at the low-risk group of syntax score. 10 patients of E3 allele were at the mid group and 4 patients were at the high-risk group of syntax score. 7 patients of E4 allele subjects were at the low-risk and 1 patient was at the high-risk group of syntax score. Compared to syntax score groups and APOE genotypes, E2 alleles were in lower syntax score group versus E3 (P=0.046) and E4 (P=0.003) alleles. However E4 alleles were in higher syntax score group versus E3 alleles (P= 0.034). The Syntax score was seemed to be lower in the E2 allele group versus E4 and E2 groups (P=0.013). Conclusion: we reported the first study that E2 allele was related with less and E4 allele was more extensity and severity of CAD in patients with stable ischemic coronary diseas

Kistik ekinokokkoz ön tanısı alan hastaların seropozitifliklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Kistik ekinokokkoz tanısı klinik semptomlar, görüntüleme teknikleri ve özellikle hasta serumlarında spesifik antikorların saptanması esasına dayanır. Bu çalışma, kistik ekinokokkoz tanısı alan hastaların seropozitifliklerinin retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’na 1 Ocak 2010-31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında çeşitli kliniklerden gönderilen 879 hasta serum örneği indirek hemaglütinasyon testi ile çalışılmıştır. Firma önerileri doğrultusunda 1/160 ve üzeri değerler pozitif olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sonuçlar cinsiyet, yaş grupları ve kan serumlarının pozitif titrelerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kistik ekinokokkoz şüpheli 879 hasta örneğinin 221’i %25.1 seropozitif olarak belirlenmiştir. 474 kadın hastanın 134’ünde %28.3 ve 405 erkek hastanın 87’sinde %21.5 seropozitiflik saptanmıştır. Seropozitiflik en çok 41-60 yaş grubunda görülmüştür.Sonuç: Türkiye’de hayvanlar üzerine çok fazla çalışma bulunmasına rağmen KE’nin insanlardaki prevalansı hakkında kısıtlı bilgi bulunmaktadır. Konya ilinde KE önemli bir halk sağlığı problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu hastalığa karşı geniş ölçekli önleme ve koruma programı uygulanmalıdı

Vaccination in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis – Part I

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is a chronic disease, and in the evaluation of all other health and vital processes, decisions should be made by considering the disease process and the drugs used by the patient. Since vaccination can be performed at every stage of life, from childhood to adulthood, immune system activity, except where it is characteristic of the vaccine, should be reviewed in patients with MS. In this review, the applications of different vaccines in individuals with MS are discussed in two separate sections

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Bioadhesion, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility Evaluation Bacterial Cellulose Based Silver Nanoparticle Bioactive Composite Films

Bioactive and biocompatible BC/AgNP composite films were synthesized by loading silver nanoparticle (AgNP) into bacterial cellulose (BC) fibrils. Physicochemical analyses (FTIR, TGA-DSC, SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD) and mechanical tests were performed on the synthesized BC fibril and BC/AgNP composite films. Young’s Modulus, Tensile strength, Elongation at break, Compressive strength and Stiffness of (45% moisture) BC/AgNP composite films were found to be 253.2 ± 2.01 MPa, 13.7 ± 1.40 MPa, 21.4 ± 1.67%, 47.17 ± 8.98 MPa, 1.05 ± 2.32 GPa and 519.88 ± 81.51 (Units), respectively. Moreover, the high-water retention capacity of BC fibril structures was supported by the contact angles and swelling profiles observed in BC/AgNP composite structures. Further, the bioadhesion performance of BC/AgNP composite films was evaluated ex vivo on chicken skin and it was observed that the presence of AgNP played an active role in the adhesion behavior of the composite films. It was also observed that the synthesized BC/AgNP composite films exhibited bactericidal behavior against pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and had a high bactericidal effect. Biocompatibility tests of the composite films were evaluated by using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The cell nucleus wall staining (Mitored and Dio6) and fluorescence visualization studies were performed to investigate the biocompatibility behavior of BC/AgNP composite films. The results showed that BC/AgNP composite films did not any cytotoxic effect and allowed epidermal cells to adhere and grow. Overall, obtained results showed that the synthesized biocompatible BC/AgNP composite films are suitable to be used as wound dressings in tissue engineering applications and may be used as a bioactive material that can reduce inflammation in skin barriers and promote wound healing