Evaluation of the Demineralization Development around Different Types of Orthodontic Brackets

The aim of this study was to compare the demineralizations of the enamel surfaces around different types of orthodontic brackets in an artificial cariogenic environment. A total of 90 extracted human maxillary first premolar teeth were used in this in vitro study. The teeth were divided into 6 groups, 5 study and 1 control, each consisting of 15 samples. Victory metal, Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) used in the study groups were bonded to the teeth with the direct technique. The gingival, occlusal and proximal enamel surfaces adjacent to the brackets were measured with a DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Biberach, Germany) (T0). Then, the teeth were placed in a cariogenic suspension environment containing Streptococcus mutans, sucrose and artificial saliva. The teeth were removed from the cariogenic suspension at the end of 28 days. Enamel surfaces were remeasured with DIAGNOdent and the values were recorded (T1). Whether the obtained data were homogeneously distributed or not was determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, within-group comparisons were performed with the Wilcoxon test, and between-group comparisons were performed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significance level was accepted as p < 0.05. In all groups, the demineralization values of the enamel surfaces in the gingival, proximal and occlusal surfaces adjacent to the brackets were significantly higher in the T1 period than in the T0 period (p < 0.05). In the T1 period of Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity advanced ceramic bracket groups, the demineralization values of the proximal enamel surfaces were found to be significantly higher than the Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). In the T1 period, the demineralization values of the occlusal enamel surfaces of the Victory metal, APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups and control group were significantly lower than the Gemini metal, Clarity self-ligating ceramic and Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups (p < 0.05). Significant increases in enamel demineralization values were observed as a consequence of increased retention areas for microbial dental plaque on enamel surfaces adjacent to the bracket. Considering the importance of minimizing enamel demineralization in fixed orthodontic treatments, less enamel demineralization in Victory metal and APC Clarity Advanced ceramic bracket groups showed that these brackets can be preferred in patients with poor oral hygiene

Investigation of the Relationship between Sagittal Skeletal Nasal Profile Morphology and Malocclusions: A Lateral Cephalometric Film Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between skeletal sagittal nasal profile morphology and sagittal skeletal malocclusions. Regarding lateral cephalometric films, the study was conducted in a total of 135 individuals without any prior orthodontic treatment (mean age of 17.91 +/- 1.91), including 49 males (mean age 17.91 +/- 1.16) and 86 females (mean age 17.78 +/- 1.91 years). The groups were divided into two groups as male and female according to gender, and three groups as skeletal Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 according to the Steiner's ANB angle. In addition, skeletal groups were compared within groups by dividing into two groups of male and female. A total of eight parameters, three skeletal sagittal angular (SNA, SNB, and ANB angles), four nasal linear (R-A, N-A, N-ANS, and N-R distances) and one nasal angular (N1-N2/N2-R angle), were measured on each cephalometric film. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation of all measured nasal parameters were calculated. For statistical analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were used for normally distributed data, and Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for data that did not show normal distribution. For statistical analysis, p 0.05). R-A and N-A linear nasal parameters showed statistically significant differences between male and female sex groups in all skeletal malocclusion classes (p < 0.05). At first, results showed that males had longer measurements than females in all linear nasal parameters. Second, longer measurements were found in all linear nasal parameters in skeletal Class 3 individuals than those in skeletal Class 1 and Class 2 individuals. Third, the nasal bone concavity angle was greater in skeletal Class 2 individuals than the others

Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Different Types of Orthodontic Fixed Retention Appliances: A Preliminary Laboratory Study

(i) Objective: The present study aimed to compare the electrochemical corrosion resistance of six different types of fixed lingual retainer wires used as fixed retention appliances in an in vitro study. (ii) Methods: In the study, two different Ringer solutions, with pH 7 and pH 3.5, were used. Six groups were formed with five retainer wires in each group. In addition, 3-braided stainless steel, 6-braided stainless steel, Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5, Gold, and Dead Soft retainer wires were used. The corrosion current density (i(corr)), corrosion rate (CR), and polarization resistance (R-p) were determined from the Tafel polarization curves. (iii) Results: The corrosion current density of the Gold retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The corrosion rate of the Dead Soft retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). The polarization resistance of the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group was statistically higher than the other retainer groups in both solutions (p < 0.05). As a result of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, pitting corrosion was not observed in the Titanium Grade 1, Titanium Grade 5 and Gold retainer groups, while pitting corrosion was observed in the other groups. (iv) Conclusion: From a corrosion perspective, although the study needs to be evaluated in vivo, the Titanium Grade 5 retainer group included is in this in vitro study may be more suitable for clinical use due to its high electrochemical corrosion resistance and the lack of pitting corrosion observed in the SEM images

In vitro comparison of force losses over time of orthodontic nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the force losses of nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs over time in an in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs from 3 different brands were divided into 9 groups. The percentages of force loss in the samples over time were compared in the in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. Force values were measured and recorded at initial activation, 1st hour, 24th hour, 7th day, 21st day, and 28th day. Statistical analysis of the data were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The significance value was considered as p&lt;0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest forces at the initial activation hour were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs in the measurements performed at the 24th hour (p&gt;0.05). Although significant force losses were measured in all groups on the 28th day, active tie-backs lost significantly less force than elastomeric chains, regardless of brand. On the 28th day, the lowest and highest forces were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among the orthodontic space closure mechanics, nickel-titanium closed springs were the most stable; however, active tie-backs produced a more stable force than elastomeric chains, so the type of force element used was the main indicator of the force loss level

Genç-Erişkin Türk Toplumunda Yüz Estetiğinin Değerlendirilmesi

AMAÇ: Yapılan çalışmada; teşhis ve tedavi planlamasına yardımcı olabilecek, ortodonti literatüründe faydalanılan normal kavramı yerine, toplum tarafından beğenilen genç erişkin bireylere ait yumuşak doku parametrelerinin elde edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmada; yüz bölgesinde asimetri ve travma hikayesi olmayan, 20-31 yaş aralığında 88 kadın ve 61 erkeğe ait profil ve cephe fotoğrafları kullanıldı. Katılımcıların profil ve cephe fotoğrafları Google formlar üzerinden anket haline getirilerek; 4 ortodontist, 4 diş hekimi, 4 plastik cerrah, 4 mimar ve 4 meslek dışı bireylerin bulunduğu panele sunuldu. Panelistlerden, fotoğrafları 1-10 arasında puanlamaları istendi. Puanlama sonucuna göre; 7 ve üzeri 13 birey çekici grubu oluştururken, 3 ve altı 13 birey çekici bulunmayan grubu oluşturdu. Çekici bulunan ve bulunmayan gruplardaki 26 bireyin açısal ölçümleri yapıldı, vertikal ve horizontal mesafeler ölçülerek birbirlerine oranlandı. Puanlama sonucuna göre, çekici grubu oluşturan erkek sayısı yetersiz olduğu için erkek bireyler çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Verilerin normal dağılımı Shapiro-Wilk testi ile, gruplar arası karşılaştırma ise Mann Whitney U-testi kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi (p&lt;0.05). BULGULAR: Cephe analizi sonucunda; yüz genişliğinin yüz yüksekliğine oranı, alar kanat genişliğinin nazal yüksekliğe oranı ve bigonial genişliğin ağız genişliğine oranı çekici bireylerde istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunurken; interkantal genişliğin yüz genişliğine oranı daha düşük bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.05). Profil analizi sonucunda; total vertikal açı, nazal açı, orta ve alt fasiyal üçlü açıları çekici bireylerde istatistiksel olarak daha düşük bulunurken; fasiyal konveksite açısı daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.05). SONUÇ: Yüzün vertikal büyüme paterni, burun ucu pozisyonu, yüz konveksitesi ve yüze ait vertikal ve transversal oranlardaki uyum kadınlarda yüz çekiciliğini belirleyen faktörler arasındadır

Role of serum cathelicidin in diagnosis of patient with prostatitis and prostate carcinoma

Background: This study investigated the diagnostic role of 75 levels measured in serum prostatitis and prostate carcinoma and in the differentiation of these two conditions. Methods: The study was conducted with 75 patients histopathologically diagnosed with prostate carcinoma or prostatitis and followed up at the Departments of Urology and Medical Oncology and 21 healthy male subjects. Serum cathelicidin levels were investigated using the ELISA method. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS for Windows 22.0 package software. Compliance of the variables to normal distribution was examined using visual and analytic methods. In the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, cases with a p value of greater than 0.05 were accepted as normal distribution. Results: A total of 75 patients including 45 diagnosed with prostate carcinoma and 30 diagnosed with prostatitis, as well as 21 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was detected as 23 (4–1200) ng/mL in the patients with prostate carcinoma and as 9.85 (3.9–405 ng/mL) in the patients with prostatitis. The cathelicidin levels were diagnostically significant when assessed by ROC analysis in the prostate cancer, prostatitis and control groups (p = 0.005). The cutoff values derived from the ROC curve analysis were 3.5151 ng/mL for distinguishing prostate cancer from prostatitis, 2.2620 ng/mL for prostate cancer versus control group and 1.2340 ng/mL for prostatitis versus control group. Conclusions: In this study we showed that the serum cathelicidin levels were significantly higher in the patients diagnosed with prostate carcinoma. Measurement of serum cathelicidin levels could be used as a diagnostic marker in prostate carcinoma as well as facilitating differential diagnosis to strengthen the diagnostic suspicion before prostate biopsy and distinguish the diagnosis from prostatitis cases. © 2022, The Author(s)

Comparison of side effects of oxytetracycline and talc pleurodesis: an experimental study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chemical pleurodesis is widely recommended in the treatment of refractory pleural effusion or pulmonary air leak of different etiologies. Although several agents have been used, many questions have remained unanswered about their toxicity. Talc is the most commonly used agent for the treatment, with rare, serious complications reported. Oxytetracycline pleurodesis in clinical practice has been described in a few studies, but literature reveals no experimental studies using this agent. We performed a prospective, randomized, observer-blinded, controlled study to evaluate the changes in lung histology and systemic response to pleurodesis with oxytetracycline and talc in acute and subacute phases in a rat model.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-two male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and 3 subgroups with 7 animals in each. Group 1 was given oxytetracycline, 35 mg/kg; Group 2 was given talc slurry, 60 mg/kg in 0.5 mL saline solution, and Group 3 was given only 0.5 mL saline intrapleurally. In subgroups "a" the nimls were sacrificed at the postoperative 72^ndhour and, in subgroups "b", on the postoperative day 7. The surfaces were graded by microscopic examination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Oxytetracycline produced alveolar collapse, hemorrhage, edema, inflammation at the postoperative 72^ndhour and hemorrhage on the postoperative day 7, while talc produced significant edema, inflammation, proliferation, fibrosis at the postoperative 72^ndhour and hemorrhage, edema, inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis on the postoperative day 7 (p < 0,0042). Talc produced significant edema compared to oxytetracycline on the postoperative day 7. On contralateral side, oxytetracycline and talc produced significant hemorrhage on the postoperative day 7 (p < 0.0042).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Both agents were shown to produce pulmonary lesions. In acute phase, the pulmonary side effects of oxytetracycline were more pronounced, whereas the side effects of talc were prolonged to subacute phase. We propose that the occasional side effects in humans may be related to these changes as were observed in our rat model, and like talc, oxytetracycline must be used cautiously in patients with limited respiratory function.</p

Increased mean platelet volume in patients with infective endocarditis and embolic events

Background: Platelet activation appears to play an important role in thromboembolic com­plications of infective endocarditis (IE). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a potentially useful marker of platelet activity and a quick and easy determinant of thrombotic risk. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the baseline platelet volume indices (MPV and platelet distribution width [PDW]) in IE patients who developed embolic events in the follow-up period and who did not. Methods: The study group consisted of 76 consecutive patients (female: 55, male: 21, mean age: 26 years old, ranged: 8–64 years) with definite IE according to Duke Criteria. Thirty four healthy subjects, who were age and gender adjusted, served as the control group. The mean duration of hospital stay was 44 days. Results: Among the IE patients, 13 (13/76, 17.1%) had major embolic events. Significantly larger vegetations were observed in patients with embolic events as compared to non-embolic group (1.4 vs. 1.0 cm, p = 0.03). MPV at hospital admission was higher in patients who had embolic events in the follow-up period compared to both those who did not and the control subjects (10.62 ± 1.13 vs. 9.25 ± 0.97 and 8.93 ± 0.82 fL, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the patients with embolic events had increased PDW compared to the non-embolic ones and the control group (16.31 ± 2.42 vs. 14.35 ± 1.97 and 14.04 ± 1.82%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that IE patients with embolic events had in­creased MPV and PDW values, compared to non-embolics. Future prospective studies with standardized measurements may clarify the clinical role of platelet volume indices in thrombo­embolic complications of IE

Prognostic significance of N-Terminal Pro-BNP in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia without previous history of heart failure

Introduction:The objective of the present research was to evaluate the possible association between the N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients who did not have pre-existing heart failure (HF). Methods:A total of 137 consecutive patients without pre-existing HF and hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled into the current research. The main outcome of the research was the in-hospital death. The independent parameters linked with the in-hospital death were determined by multivariable analysis. Results: A total of 26 deaths with an in-hospital mortality rate of 18.9% was noted. Those who died were older with an increased frequency of co-morbidities such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. They had also increased white blood cell (WBC) counts and had elevated glucose, creatinine, troponin I, and NT-pro-BNP levels but had decreased levels of hemoglobin. By multivariable analysis; age, NT-pro-BNP, WBC, troponin I, and creatinine levels were independently linked with the in-hospital mortality. After ROC evaluation, the ideal value of the NT-pro-BNP to predict the in-hospital mortality was found as 260 ng/L reflecting a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 93% (AUC:0.86; 95%CI:0.76-0.97). Conclusion: The current research clearly shows that the NT-proBNP levels are independently linked with the in-hospital mortality rates in subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia and without HF. Thus, we believe that this biomarker can be used as a valuable prognostic parameter in such cases

Determination of population parameters of alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772) from Ayvacik Dam Lake (Çanakkale)

Bu çalışma, Ayvacık Barajı Alburnus chalcoides populasyonuna ait parametrelerin belirlenmesi amacıyla Ağustos-Kasım 2014 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiş olup toplam 726 birey incelenmiştir. İncelenen bireylerin yaşlarının 0-IV'üncü yaş grubu arasında olduğu; örneklenen bireylerin boy değerlerinin 6,0 ile 21,7 cm (10,63±2,43 cm) ve ağırlıklarının ise 1,58 ile 90,20 g (11,63±9,47 g) arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisi ise W=0,00705L3,0528 olarak belirlenmiştir. Populasyon parametreleri akarsular için L∞: 32,81 cm, k: 0,140, t0: -1,38, Φꞌ: 2,18 ve K: 0,76 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölüm oranları ve stoktan yararlanma düzeyi ise Z: 0,646, M: 0,325, F: 0,321 ve E: 0,497 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Tahmin edilen bu değerler ışığında popülasyon üzerinde aşırı avcılık baskısının bulunmadığı ve stoktan optimum düzeyde yararlanıldığı söylenebilir.This study was carried out in order to determine population parameters of Alburnus chalcoides between August and November 2014 in Ayvacık Dam Lake and a total of 727 specimens analyzed. Age of the specimens ranged from 0 to IV. age groups. Total length and total weight varied from 6.0 to 21.7 cm (10.63±2.43 cm) and 1.58 to 90.20 g (11.63±9.47 g), respectively. Length-weight relationship were estimated W=0.00705L3.0528. Estimated population parameters were calculated as L∞: 32.81 cm, k: 0.140, t0: -1.38, Φꞌ: 2.18 and K: 0.76 for the population. Mortality and exploitation rates also estimated as Z: 0.646, M: 0.325, F: 0.321 and E: 0.497, respectively. In the light of these values have been estimated there were not any over fishing pressure on the population which is exploited optimally