Yumurta tavuklarında gentamisinin karşılaştırmalı farmakokinetiği

Çalışmada, yumurtlayan tavuklara damar içi, kas içi ve deri altı yolla verilen gentamisin sülfatın (5 mg/kg canlı ağırlık) karşılaştırmalı farmakokinetiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. 24 tavuğa ilaç uygulandıktan sonra kan örnekleri 0 (uygulama öncesi), 0.083, 0.166, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 ve 48. saatlerde toplandı. Gentamisin konsantrasyonları Avrupa Birliği tarafından önerilen yöntemde modifikasyon yapılarak belirlendi. Gentamisinin toplam konsantrasyonu (C1, C2 ve C1a) ölçüldü. En düşük belirlenme limiti 0.01 ?g/ml olarak hesaplandı. Non-kompartmental farmakokinetik analizleri Excel ile çalışan program olan PK solver ile belirlendi. Damar içi uygulamayı takiben plazma konsantrasyonu zaman eğrisinin altında kalan alan (AUC0-?), ilk hız atılma sabitesi (?z), yarı-ömür (t1/2?z) ve ortalama tutulma zamanı (MRT) sırasıyla 224.46 ?g/mL saat, 0.06 saat-1, 11.52 saat ve 9.50 saat olarak ölçüldü. Kas içi ve deri altı uygulamadan sonra ortalama maksimum plazma konsantrasyonu (Cmax) sırasıyla26.64 ve 36.92 ?g/mL, maksimum konsantrasyona ulaşmak için geçen zaman (Tmax) ise aynı (0.75 saat) olarak belirlendi. Yine kas içi ve deri altı uygulamadan sonra sırasıyla t1/2?z 8.35 ve 8.24 saat, MRT ise 11.05 ve 9.79 saat olarak ölçüldü. Kas içi ve deri altı uygulama arasında Cmax değerleri hariç ve damar içi ile diğer uygulamalar arasında t1/2?z değerleri hariç tutulursa önemli farklılıklar olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.The aim of this study was to compare pharmacokinetics of gentamicin sulphate (5 mg/kg body weight) after single intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in laying hens. Blood samples were collected at time 0 (pretreatment), and at 0.083, 0.166, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after drug administration in 24 laying hens. Gentamicin concentrations were determined using the HPLC method recommended by the European Union by some modifications. The total concentration of the gentamicin (C1, C2 and C1a) was calculated. The lowest detection limit was 0.01 μg/ml. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using Excel add-in program, PK solver. Following IV administration the area under the plasma time-concentration curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), first-order elimination rate constant (λz), terminal half-life (t1/2λz) and mean residence time (MRT) were 224.46 μg/mL h, 0.06 h-1, 11.52 h and 9.50 h, respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the mean maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 26.64 and 36.92 μg/mL, achieved at a same post-injection times (Tmax) of 0.75 h, respectively. The t1/2λz was 8.35 and 8.24 h, the MRT was 11.05 and 9.79 h, respectively, after IM and SC administration. There are no significant between IM and SC administration excluding the Cmax values and between i.v. and other administration excluding the t1/2λz values

Geleneksel Türk tavuk Döner Kebaplarında Clostridium perfringens'in tespiti ve enterotoksin genlerinin (cpa ve cpe) belirlenmesi

The demand for the fast-food industry in the world is increasing day by day. In this sense, chicken doner kebab becomes frequently preferred food source in daily life. At the same time, chicken doner kebab is both a good animal origin protein source and a cheaper option. Therefore, it is prepared and consumed in high amounts in Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Clostridium perfringens and its toxin genes in traditional Turkish chicken doner kebabs purchased from restaurants and modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) samples collected from markets. For this purpose, 100 ready-to-cook and 100 ready-to-eat, totally 200 doner samples have been used as material. As a result, the prevalence of C. perfringens has been found 29%, 6% in readyto-cook and ready-to-eat samples, respectively. The cpa gene was detected in all isolates. However, both cpa and cpe gene was found only in 4% of isolates.Dünyada fast-food beslenmeye olan talep her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu anlamda tavuk döner kebap günlük hayatta sıklıkla tercih edilen bir besin kaynağı haline gelmektedir. Aynı zamanda tavuk döner kebap hem iyi bir hayvansal protein kaynağı hem de daha ekonomik bir seçenek olması nedeniyle Türkiye'de yüksek miktarlarda üretilmekte ve tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, restoranlardan satın alınan geleneksel Türk tipi tavuk döner kebapları ve marketten toplanan modifiye atmosfer paketli (MAP) örneklerde Clostridium perfringens ve toksin genlerinin varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 100 adet pişirilmiş ve paketlenmiş ve 100 adet restoranlardan alınmış ve yenmeye hazır olmak üzere toplam 200 döner örneği materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, pişirilmiş ve paketlenmiş örneklerde C. perfringens prevalansı %29 ve restoranlardan alınmış örneklerde ise %6 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm izolatlarda cpa geni tespit edilmiş olmasına rağmen hem cpa hem de cpe geni izolatların sadece %4'ünde belirlenmiştir

Characterization and Antimicrobial-Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli O157 and O157: H7 Isolated from Modified Atmosphere Packaged Meat Samples

Shiga-like toxin producing Escherichia coli is still an important public issue which causes extremely dangerous health problems. This study was planned in order to examine the inhibitory effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging application on E. coli O157 and O157: H7. The purposes of the present study were to detect E. coli O157 and O157: H7 strains from ground and cubed beef. A total of 100 MAP cattle meat products (50 minced meat, 50 meat cubes) were collected from the markets and butchers in Samsun province between May and October 2013. According to results, 1(1/50-2%) E. coli O157 and 1(1/50-2%) E. coli O157: H7 strains isolated from 50 ground beef samples, while 1 (1/50-2%) E. coli O157 strain was identified from 50 cubed beef samples. It was determined that E. coli O157 isolate obtained from the MAP ground beef carried stx1, stx2 genes; E. coli O157: H7 isolate carried stx1, stx2, eaeA and hylA genes while E. coli O157 isolate obtained from the MAP cubed meat only carried the stx2 gene. In antibiogram test, both E. coli O157 isolates were resistant to streptomycin and one E. coli O157: H7 isolate was resistant to streptomycin, cephalothin and tetracycline. As a consequence; in order to protect public health, products should be kept in proper hygienic and technical conditions during sale and storage and use of uncontrolled antibiotics should be avoided

HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY ( HBOT) PREVENTS SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE ( SAH)- INDUCED APOPTOSIS AND IMPAIRED CONTRACTILITY OF THE RABBIT BLADDER

44th Annual Meeting of the International-Continence-Society (ICS) -- OCT 20-24, 2014 -- Rio de Janeiro, BRAZILMirasoglu, Bengusu/0000-0002-2062-0229;WOS: 000339424000228…Int Continence So