Formation of Languages; Equality, Hierarchy and Teachers

A quantitative method is suggested, where meanings of words, and grammatic rules about these, of a vocabulary are represented by real numbers. People meet randomly, and average their vocabularies if they are equal; otherwise they either copy from higher hierarchy or stay idle. Presence of teachers broadcasting the same (but arbitrarily chosen) vocabulary leads the language formations to converge more quickly.Comment: 10 pages, 3 (totally 8) figure

Socioeconophysics: Opinion Dynamics for number of transactions and price, a trader based model

Involving effects of media, opinion leader and other agents on the opinion of individuals of market society, a trader based model is developed and utilized to simulate price via supply and demand. Pronounced effects are considered with several weights and some personal differences between traders are taken into account. Resulting time series and probabilty distribution function involving a power law for price come out similar to the real ones.Comment: will be published in IJMPC 17 (2006

Power Laws and Gaussians for Stock Market Fluctuations

The daily volume of transaction on the New York Stock Exchange and its day-to-day fluctuations are analysed with respect to power-law tails as well long-term trends. We also model the transition to a Gaussian distribution for longer time intervals, like months instead of days.Comment: 7 pages including 4 figure

Stock mechanics: a general theory and method of energy conservation with applications on DJIA

A new method, based on the original theory of conservation of sum of kinetic and potential energy defined for prices is proposed and applied on Dow Jones Industrials Average (DJIA). The general trends averaged over months or years gave a roughly conserved total energy, with three different potential energies, i.e. positive definite quadratic, negative definite quadratic and linear potential energy for exponential rises (and falls), sinusoidal oscillations and parabolic trajectories, respectively. Corresponding expressions for force (impact) are also given. Keywords:Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, scehudled for IJMPC 17/ issue

Skin prick test results in patients from thrace region presenting with pulmonary symptoms

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Pulmoner semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda alerjen duyarlılığı profilinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ekim 1999-Nisan 2005 tarihleri arasında pulmoner yakınmalarla başvuran 196 hastada (136 kadın, 60 erkek; ort. yaş 34.7±11.7) yapılan deri testi sonuçları, total IgE sonuçları ve alerji bilgi formları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların IgE medyan değeri (%25-75) 202 U/ml (118-530) idi. En sık görülen semptom %65.3 ile nefes darlığı iken ikinci sıklıkta başvuru nedeni %63.8 ile öksürüktü. Bu semptomlar %46.9 hastada toz alırken artmaktaydı. Hastaların %59.7'sinde en az bir alerjene duyarlık saptandı. Tek alerjen ile duyarlılık %18.9 iken çok alerjene duyarlılık %40.8 olarak tespit edildi. En sık %39.8 ile ev tozu akarlarına karşı alerji tespit edilirken ikinci sıklıkta %26 ile ağaç polenlerine karşı saptandı. D. Farinea'ya %33.7, D. Pteronyssinus'a %32.7 duyarlık saptandı. Sonuç: Trakya Bölgesi'nden alerjik semptomlarla başvuran hastalarda en sık ev tozu akarlarına karşı duyarlılık saptandı. Olguların %46.9'unda da semptomların evde, toz alırken artması bu bulguyu destekler nitelikteydi.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the profile of allergen sensitization in patients presenting with pulmonary symptoms. Patients and Methods: Skin test results of 196 patients (136 females, 60 males; mean age 34.7±11.7 years) presenting with pulmonary complaints between October 1999 and April 2005; total IgE results and allergy information forms were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Median value of IgE was (%25-75) 202 U/ml (118-530) in the patients enrolled. The most frequent symptom was shortness of breath (65.3%), and the second was cough (63.8%). These symptoms aggravated while patients were dusting. Sensitivity to at least one allergen was observed in 59.7% of the patients. Sensitivity to a single allergen was present in 18.9% and to multiple allergens in 40.8% of all patients. The most frequent allergy was determined to house dust mite (39.8%) and was followed by allergy to tree pollens (26%). Sensitivity rate to D. Farinea was 33.7% and 32.7% to D. Pteronyssinus. Conclusion: House dust mite were the primary causes of sensitization in patients presenting with allergic symptoms in the Thrace region. The fact that the symptoms aggravated in 46.9% of the patients while they were dusting at home, seemed to support this finding

Socioeconomic features and predisposing factors in patients with bronchiectasis

Amaç: Bu çalışmada bronşektazili olguların sosyoekonomik özelliklerini ve bronşektazi gelişiminde rol oynayabilecek faktörleri belirlemek amaçlandı. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Altmış dokuz bronşektazi olgusu (43 erkek, 26 kadın; ort. yaş 53.7±15.6) geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm hastaların bronşektazi gelişiminde rol oynayabilecek faktörler, eğitim düzeyleri, sigara, alkol kullanım öyküleri ve aylık gelir düzeyleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Olguların çoğunda bronşektazi gelişiminde rol oynayan birden fazla risk faktörü vardı. Pnömoni (%68), kızamık (%32), tüberküloz (%18) en sık nedenlerdi. Olguların %42'si ilkokul mezunu olup, %20'si hiç okula gitmemişti. Olguların %55'inde sigara, %19'unda alkol öyküsü vardı. Aylık gelir düzeyleri ise ortalama 438.2±363 YTL olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bronşektazi sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük olan bireylerin bir hastalığı olarak düşünüldü.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine socioeconomic features of cases with bronchiectasis and to determine predisposing factors which might play a role in the development of this condition. Patients and Methods: A total of 69 cases with bronchiectasis (43 males, 26 females; mean age 53.7±15.6 years) were retrospectively evaluated. Patients, totally in whom the was, predisposing factors for bronchiectasis, cigarette and alcohol consumptions, education and and monthly income levels were recorded. Results: Most of the cases multiple predisposing factors for bronchiectasis. Pneumonia (68%), measles (32%), and tuberculosis (18%) were the most common causes. Forty-two percent of the cases were primary school graduates and 20% never attended school. Fifty-five percent of the cases smoked cigarettes and 19% of the cases used alcohol. The mean monthly income was found to be 438.2±363 YTL. Conclusion: We concluded that bronchiectasis is prominent among individuals with low socioeconomic level

Power laws and Gaussians for stock market fluctuations

The daily financial volume of transaction on the New York Stock Exchange and its day-to-day fluctuations are analysed with respect to power-law tails as well to their long-term trends. We also model the transition to a Gaussian distribution for longer time intervals, like months instead of days