Colostrum: Its Properties and Benefits to Premature Infants

Anne sütü bebeklerin sağlıklı büyümesi ve gelişmesi için en uygun ve eşi benzeri olmayan bir besindir. Doğumdan sonraki ortalama ilk 5 günde salgılanan süte “kolostrum” denir. Kolostrumun miktarı, görünümü ve içeriği daha sonra gelen olgun sütten farklıdır ve yenidoğanın ilk günlerdeki gereksinimlerini karşılaması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Kolostrum, olgun süte kıyasla daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda IgA, büyüme faktörleri ve diğer koruyucu bileşenlere sahiptir. Orofarenks ve bağırsaktaki lenfoid doku sayesinde, kolostrum bağışıklık gelişimini uyarır. Orofaringeal lenfatik doku uyarılması ve oral mikrobiyotanın gelişmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Prematüre bebeklerin evrimsel olarak büyüme ve nörogelişimsel ihtiyaçları, en iyi anne sütünün sağlanması ile karşılanır. Bağışıklık güçlendirici faktörler, prematüre bebek doğuran annelerin kolostrumunda daha fazla yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu derleme de kolostrum: özellikleri ve prematüre bebeğe faydaları ele alınmıştırBreast milk is the most appropriate and unique nutrient for healthy growth and development of infants. The milk secreted on average within the first 5 days after birth is called ‘colostrum’. The amount, appearance and content of colostrum are different from the mature milk that is secreted later and colostrum is of great importance in terms of meeting the needs of the new-born during the first days. Colostrum has higher concentrations of IgA, growth factors and other protective components compared to mature milk. It stimulates the development of immunity due to oropharynx and lymphoid tissue in the bowel. It contributes to the stimulation of oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue and the development of oral microbiota. The evolutionary growth and neurodevelopmental needs of premature infants are ideally met by the provision of breast milk. The immune-enhancing factors are more concentrated in the colostrum of mothers giving birth to premature infants. Colostrum: its properties and benefits to the premature infant were discussed in this review

The Evaluation of Multidrug Resistance-Related Protein 1 as a Prognostic Factor in the Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Pilot Study

Objective:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent type of cancer in children. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is still the most important indicator of clinical results and relapse after chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to successful treatment. Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) may play a key role in throwing the chemical drug out of cells leading to therapy resistance. This study aims to detect MRP1 protein in the bone marrow cells of children with B-ALL and determine its value as a prognostic factor in comparison with other factors such as DNA index and MRD obtained by flow cytometric measurement.Methods:Bone marrow samples were obtained from children who are diagnosed as B-ALL (n=20) at day 0 (diagnosis) and 15 of therapy. Risk groups’ classification is based on discrimination of age and white cell count on day 0. The expressions of MRP1 levels and DNA index at diagnosis and MRD on the 15th day of treatment in the bone marrow were detected by using flow cytometry. The B-ALL blast cells were stained using anti-CD10, -CD19, -CD20, -CD34, -CD45 monoclonal antibodies. MRP1 content of cells was detected in an intracellular manner.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in MRP1 expression between risk groups and the other prognostic factor as Flow MRD and DNA index.Conclusion:The utilization of MRP1 as a predictive factor may not provide information on the B-ALL prognosis. Our results can help to better understand the nature of MRP1 in B-ALL patients

Response of cultured normal canine mammary epithelial cells to deracoxib—doxorubicin combination

Currently, there is a growing interest in combining anticancer drugs with the aim to improve outcome in patients suffering from tumours and reduce the long-term toxicity associated with the current standard of treatment. In this study, we evaluated the possible role of deracoxib against the toxicity of doxorubicin on normal canine mammary epithelial cells. The effect of deracoxib and doxorubicin combination on cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was characterised by flow cytometry. Cell nitrite concentrations were measured with the Griess reaction. Deracoxib (50 and 100 μM) treatment decreased the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin at 0.9 μM in the cells, from 33.63% to 13.4% and 25.82%, respectively. Our results also showed that the reverse effect of deracoxib on doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic activity in the cells was associated with a marked (3.04- to 3.57-fold) decrease in apoptosis. In additional studies identifying the mechanism of the observed effect, deracoxib exhibited an activity to prevent doxorubicin-mediated overproduction of nitric oxide in the cells. Our in vitro study results indicate that deracoxib (50 and 100 μM) can be beneficial in protecting normal cells from the toxic effect of doxorubicin in conjunction with apoptosis by the modulation of nitric oxide production