Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and convergent and known-group validity of the Turkish full version of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score in patients with hip osteoarthritis

Objectives: The study aimed to culturally adapt the full version of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) into Turkish and evaluate its reliability and validity. Patients and methods: Patients with hip osteoarthritis were included in the methodological crosscultural adaptation study between May 2022 and December 2022. We translated and adapted the HOOS into a Turkish version and validated it in a cohort of native Turkish-speaking patients with hip osteoarthritis. The HOOS includes five subscales named symptoms, pain, activities of daily living (ADL), sport and recreation (Sport/Rec), and quality of life (QoL). The psychometric properties of the Turkish HOOS were assessed. The reliability was investigated using test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) and internal consistency methods (Cronbach’s alpha). The convergent validity of the Turkish HOOS was evaluated by testing the predefined hypotheses using the correlations with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the European Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D-3L), a generic QoL scale. Results: A total of 202 patients (131 females, 71 males; mean age: 55.2±9.7 years; range, 50 to 70 years) were recruited for the study. Cronbach’s alpha values for each subscale of the HOOS were as follows: symptoms=0.76, pain=0.94, ADL=0.96, Sport/Rec=0.87, QoL=0.78, and total score=0.98, indicating it has high internal consistency. For all subscales and total score of the HOOS, the ICC values were between 0.77 and 0.86, indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. All correlations between each subscale and total score of the Turkish HOOS, WOMAC, and EQ-5D-3L were moderate to strong. Therefore, 23 predefined hypotheses out of 24 were confirmed with a confirmation rate of 96%, indicating the Turkish version of the HOOS had adequate convergent validity. Conclusion: This study shows that the Turkish version of the HOOS has a convergent and knowngroup validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. It can be used to assess the patient's perception of their hip and associated difficulties, as well as their symptoms and functional limitations

Comparison of Muscle Endurance and Balance in Patients with Shoulder Impingement and Healthy Controls

Giriş ve Amaç: Kronik ağrının kas dayanıklılığından ödün vererek denge kontrolünü engellediği teorize edilmiştir. Bu teorik bağlantıya rağmen, özellikle omuz sıkışması olan hastalarda bu fenomene ilişkin deneysel kanıtlar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, omuz sıkışması olan hastalarda kas dayanıklılığını, denge ölçümlerini ve omuz disfonksiyonu göstergelerini yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: In this cross-sectional study, patients (n=31) with shoulder impingement and healthy controls (n=23) matched for age and gender were compared with regard to their balance ability and physical performance. Functional questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) as well as Single-Leg Stance Balance Test (SLBT), Y Balance test, Scapular Endurance Test, Trunk muscle flexor and extensor test, grip strength and Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) were completed in a randomized order with consistent raters. Bulgular: Omuz ağrısı olan hastalarda omuz fonksiyonu (p<0.01), skapular ve gövde kas dayanıklılığı (p<0.01) ve sağ/sol denge baskın/nondominant denge yeteneği (p<0.01) ölçümlerinde sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı derecede daha düşük sonuçlar elde edildi. Sonuç: Omuz sıkışması olan hastaların kas dayanıklılık dengesi ve el ölçümleri sağlıklı kişilere göre daha düşüktü. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak önemliydi. Sağlık ve fitness uzmanları, omuz sıkışması olan hastalara üst ekstremite egzersizlerini önerirken dengeyle ilişkili riskle ilgili ayarlamaları dikkate almalıdır.Aim; Chronic pain has been theorized to hinder balance control by compromising muscle endurance. Despite this theoretical connection, there is limited empirical evidence on this phenomenon, especially in patients diagnosed with shoulder impingement. This study aims to investigate muscle endurance, balance measures, and indicators of shoulder dysfunction in patients with impingement, comparing them with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Method; In this cross-sectional study, patients (n=31) with shoulder impingement and healthy controls (n=23) matched for age and gender were compared with regard to their balance ability and physical performance. Functional questionnaires (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) as well as Single-Leg Stance Balance Test (SLBT), Y Balance test, Scapular Endurance Test, Trunk muscle flexor and extensor test, grip strength and Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) were completed in a randomized order with consistent raters. Results; Patients with shoulder pain showed significantly worse results in measurements of shoulder function (p<0.01), scapular and trunk muscle endurance (p<0.01), as well as balance dominant/nondominant balance ability right/left (p<0.01) compared to healthy controls. Conclusion; Patients with shoulder impingement had lower muscle endurance balance and hand measurements compared with healthy people. This difference was statistically significant. Health and fitness specialists should take into account the risk-related adjustments associated to balance when recommending upper-extremity exercises in patients with shoulder impingement