Interfaces entre a saúde coletiva e a ecologia política: vulnerabilização, território e metabolismo social

RESUMO Este artigo busca elucidar interfaces entre os campos da saúde coletiva e da ecologia política, evidenciando a discussão sobre a vulnerabilização, o território e o metabolismo social, mediante análise crítica da literatura. A ecologia política tem desenvolvido conceitos e metodologias que buscam captar a relação entre economia e conflitos socioecológicos e uma nova racionalidade ambiental. Assim, seu diálogo com a saúde coletiva e o eixo da saúde ambiental permite o aprofundamento teórico sobre os modelos de desenvolvimento econômico e os conflitos socioambientais, além da reflexão sobre estratégias para a descolonização do conhecimento, a reinvenção de territórios e a reapropriação da natureza

AGRONEGÓCIO E AGROTÓXICOS: IMPACTOS À SAÚDE DOS TRABALHADORES AGRÍCOLAS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Resumo Ao considerar o contexto brasileiro de aumento da produtividade agrícola associado às monoculturas, ao agronegócio e ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, diversas externalidades negativas emergem como impactos socioambientais e à saúde pública. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o fortalecimento do agronegócio no país, compreendendo sua construção como um modelo histórico de modernização em expansão em todo o território brasileiro e crescente no Nordeste. Além disso, discorrer sobre a questão dos agrotóxicos e a saúde, correlacionando-os aos casos de intoxicação humana. Para tal, desenvolvemos uma análise do modelo de modernização ancorado no tripé agronegócio, transgenia e agrotóxicos, e discutimos os casos de intoxicações por agrotóxicos, via usos agrícola e doméstico, mediante sistematização do banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações Toxicofarmacológicas, entre os anos de 1999 e 2011, no Nordeste. Observamos que nos últimos anos o agronegócio se fortalece e o número de casos de intoxicação por agrotóxicos cresce, com destaque para a região Nordeste, que apresenta as maiores taxas de letalidade de intoxicação por agrotóxicos no Brasil, afetando majoritariamente os trabalhadores agrícolas

Access to medicines among the Brazilian population based on the 2019 National Health Survey.

IntroductionAccess to medicines is a challenge, especially in developing countries, highlighting the need of population-based research to evaluate access and related factors.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess access to medicines and identify associated factors using data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS).MethodsThis population-based cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 PNS and considered access to prescription medicines as the primary outcome. The sample included 24,753 individuals aged 15 years or older who looked for medical care in the last 15 days and received a medicine prescription. Andersen's behavioral model was used to select independent variables. After descriptive analysis, a multinomial logistic regression multilevel analysis was performed using the independent variables with a significance level lower than 0.20 in the bivariate analysis.ResultsThe lowest chances of getting access to medicines were observed in individuals aged between 40 and 59 years, women, with complete middle and high school, with lower-income families, who attended public services, with worse self-assessed health, and those who looked for health care for disease prevention and health promotion.ConclusionsAccess to medicines among the Brazilian population is associated with social, economic, and health perception factors. Our findings may update and guide the development of public policies on medication and pharmaceutical care, facilitating medication purchases by the care user and promoting health equity

Mortalidade por câncer de boca e condição sócio-econômica no Brasil Mortality for oral cancer and socioeconomic status in Brazil

As doenças crônico-degenerativas representam um grande problema de saúde pública, necessitando de levantamento e controle mais efetivos destas enfermidades por parte dos órgãos públicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os índices de mortalidade por câncer oral nas capitais do Brasil no período de 1998 a 2002 com indicadores sócio-econômicos do Censo Demográfico de 2000, por meio de um estudo do tipo ecológico. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (Ministério da Saúde/DATASUS), para os anos de 1998-2002. Os indicadores sócio-econômicos foram obtidos a partir do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Após coleta dos dados, a análise estatística foi realizada usando-se o índice de correlação de Pearson. Observaram-se correlações positivas e significativas entre os indicadores sócio-econômicos (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano-Municipal - IDH-M, IDH-M renda, IDH-M educação, IDH-M longevidade e renda per capita), e correlação negativa e significante para os indicadores sócio-econômicos índice de Gini e mortalidade infantil. Apesar das limitações do estudo e da provável problemática de sub-registros nas capitais menos desenvolvidas, o presente trabalho encontrou correlações estatisticamente significantes entre os indicadores sócio-econômicos selecionados e o índice de mortalidade por câncer oral.Chronic non-communicable diseases represent a major public health problem, requiring more effective investigation and control by government agencies. The aim of this study was to correlate the mortality rate for oral cancer in Brazilian State capitals from 1998 to 2002 with socioeconomic factors collected in the 2000 census, using an ecological study design. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System from 1998 to 2002. Social factors were taken from the Brazilian Human Development Atlases. After data collection, statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation index. The findings included positive and significant correlations among the socioeconomic indicators (Municipal Human Development Index - MHDI, MHDI-income, MHDI-education, MHDI-life expectancy, and per capita income), and negative and significant correlations with the socioeconomic indicators Gini Index and infant mortality. Despite the study's limitations and probable underreporting in less developed State capitals, the study found significant statistic correlations between the selected socioeconomic indicators and the oral cancer mortality rate

Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy and prenatal care in Brazil: An ecological study.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the incidence of congenital syphilis and the ratio between congenital syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil according to socioeconomic indicators (inadequate water supply and sanitation; illiteracy at 15 years of age or older; household income per capita; proportion of poor people; Gini index; human development index; and average health expenditure per inhabitant by the health system) and prenatal quality-of-care indicators. We conducted an ecological study using a sample composed of 257 municipalities, each with ≥ 100,000 inhabitants. Data was collected from four public databases: the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, comprising socioeconomical data from the 2010 census; and the data of 2019 available in the databases of the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Health System, Information and Management of Primary Care, and the Electronic Citizen Information System. Descriptive analysis of dependent and independent variables and bivariate analysis by Negative Binomial regression were carried out. The mean incidence of congenital syphilis was 38% higher in municipalities with a Human Development Index up to 0.785 (ratio of means [RM] = 1.38; p = 0.049) and 57% higher among populations where less than 50% of primary healthcare services provided a rapid test for syphilis (RM = 1.57; p < 0.001). The ratio between congenital syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women was 29% higher in municipalities with a low household income per capita (RM = 1.29; p < 0.001) and 28% higher in locations where less than 50% of the primary healthcare services provided a rapid test for syphilis (RM = 1.28; p < 0.001). There was no statistical significance of the quality of prenatal care compared to the outcomes. This result underscores the challenges in detecting syphilis infections among pregnant women during prenatal care, consequently increasing the risk of vertical transmission of the disease to the fetus. Traits of inequality in the occurrence of congenital syphilis also draw attention to strategies to reduce health inequities and improve prenatal care

Prevalence of multimorbidity in the Brazilian adult population according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics

<div><p>Knowledge on the occurrence of multimorbidity is important from the viewpoint of public policies, as this condition increases the consumption of medicines as well as the utilization and expenses of health services, affecting life quality of the population. The objective of this study was to estimate prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity in Brazilian adults (≥18 years old) according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. A descriptive study is presented herein, based on data from the National Health Survey, which was a household-based survey carried out in Brazil in 2013. Data on 60,202 adult participants over the age of 18 were included. Prevalences and its respective confidence intervals (95%) were estimated according to sex, age, education level, marital status, self-reported skin color, area of residence, occupation and federative units (states). Poisson regression models univariate and multivariate were used to evaluate the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables with multimorbidity. To observe the combinations of chronic conditions the most common groups in pairs, trios, quartets and quintets of chronic diseases were observed. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 23.6% and was higher among women, in individuals over 60 years of age, people with low educational levels, people living with partner, in urban areas and among unemployed persons. The states of the South and Southeast regions presented higher prevalence. The most common groups of chronic diseases were metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases. The results demonstrated high prevalence of multimorbidity in Brazil. The study also revealed that a considerable share of the economically active population presented two or more chronic diseases. Data of this research indicated that socioeconomic and demographic aspects must be considered during the planning of health services and development of prevention and treatment strategies for chronic diseases, and consequently, multimorbidity.</p></div