Estudio de la acción proinflamatoria de Angiotensina II y su posible modulación : papel de Angiotensina II en disfunciones endoteliales

RESUMEN La acumulación leucocitaria es una característica de los primeros estadios de la lesión aterosclerótica, de infarto agudo de miocardio y de enfermedades renales de diversa etiología. Receptores para Angiotensina-II (Ang-II) han sido hallados en monocitos y Ang-II puede promover la activación y adhesión de estas células. Este proceso podría desencadenar o perpetuar el daño endotelial asociado a aterosclerosis e hipertensión. Los resultados de nuestro estudio demuestran que Ang-II, a dosis subvasoconstrictoras y fisiológicas, presenta propiedades proinflamatorias in vivo a nivel agudo; en concreto, produce acumulación leucocitaria en vénulas de la microcirculación mesentérica de la rata a través del aumento de expresión de P-selectina endotelial, efecto mediado mediante interacción con sus receptores específicos AT1 y AT2. Sin embargo, el hecho más relevante de este trabajo es que al administrar Ang-II de forma subaguda se produce adhesión leucocitaria no sólo a nivel venular sino también a nivel arteriolar, hecho que podría relacionarla directamente con el inicio de la lesión aterosclerótica. Las respuestas leucocitarias inducidas por Ang-II a nivel agudo pueden ser moduladas por antioxidantes, por compuestos capaces de aumentar los niveles de AMPc, GMPc y por estrógenos. Además, en circunstancias de disfunción endotelial producida por falta de vasodilatadores como NO o PGI2, se produce una rápida respuesta inflamatoria la cual está mediada por Ang-II ya que el tratamiento con el antagonista selectivo frente al receptor AT1 inhibió la infiltración leucocitaria y los cambios hemodinámicos debidos a la carencia de estos vasodilatadores. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________Leukocyte accumulation in the vascular wall is a hallmark of the early stages of atherosclerotic lesions, myocardial infarction and several renal diseases. Ang-II receptors have been detected on human monocytes and are capable of promoting monocyte adhesion and activation in vitro. Therefore, Ang-II may be the stimulus for the subendothelial infiltration of leukocytes observed in hypertension and atherosclerosis, in both of which conditions plasma levels of this peptide are elevated. In this study, we show that subvasoconstrictor and physiologically relevant doses of Ang-II (0.1 to 1 nmol/L) elicit leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions within the rat mesenteric microvenules. This effect is both AT1 and AT2 receptor-mediated and is dependent on endotelial P-selectin expression. However, the most relevant finding of the present work is that subacute Ang-II administration induces arteriolar leukocyte adhesion, which may directly implicate Ang-II in the onset of atherosclerotic lesions. Acute leukocyte responses induced by Ang-II are modulated by antioxidants, estrogens and compounds that increase the levels of AMPc and GMPc. Eventually, when the vascular balance is disrupted by falling levels of vasodilators such as NO or PGI2, there is a rapid arterial leukocyte adhesion. This adhesion is predominantly Ang-II dependent, as pretreatment with a selective AT1-antagonist receptor inhibits leukocyte infiltration and haemodynamic changes

Angiotensin II Induces Leukocyte–Endothelial Cell Interactions In Vivo Via AT1 and AT2 Receptor–Mediated P-Selectin Upregulation

Background—Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a critical role in the development of vascular lesions in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and several renal diseases. Because Ang II may contribute to the leukocyte recruitment associated with these pathological states, the aim of the present study was to assess the role of Ang II in leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in vivo. Methods and Results—Intravital microscopy of the rat mesenteric postcapillary venules was used. Sixty minutes of superfusion with 1 nmol/L Ang II induced a significant increase in leukocyte rolling flux (83.8±20.7 versus 16.4±3.1 cells/min), adhesion (11.4±1.0 versus 0.8±0.5 cells/100 µm), and emigration (4.0±0.7 versus 0.2±0.2 cells/field) without any vasoconstrictor activity. These effects were not mediated by mast cell activation. Intravenous pretreatment with AT1 (losartan) or AT2 (PD123,319) receptor antagonists significantly reduced Ang II–induced responses. A combination of both receptor antagonists inhibited the leukocyte rolling flux, adhesion, and extravasation elicited by Ang II at 60 minutes. Pretreatment of animals with fucoidin or an adhesion-blocking anti–rat P-selectin monoclonal antibody abolished Ang II–induced leukocyte responses. Furthermore, rat platelet P-selectin expression was not affected by Ang II stimulation. Conclusions—Ang II induces significant leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration, which may contribute not only to hypertension but also to the onset and progression of the vascular damage associated with disease states in which plasma levels of this peptide are elevated.Piqueras Ruiz, Laura, [email protected] ; Alvarez Ribelles, Angeles, [email protected] ; Esplugues Mota, Juan Vicente, [email protected] ; Sanz Ferrando, Maria Jesus, [email protected]

Differential protective effects of biologics and methotrexate on vascular inflammation and thrombotic risk in a model of psoriasis

Sin financiación2.452 JCR (2018) Q3, 142/267 Pharmacology & Pharmacy0.728 SJR (2018) Q2, 900/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2018UE