Primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León (España)

Se presenta el primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas en la comunidad de Castilla y León. Se ha encontrado un total de 4195 citas, correspondientes a 196 publicaciones. El número total de taxones infragenéricos registrados asciende a 1013 (987 especies, y 26 taxones infraespecíficos). De ellos, 931 están liquenizados y 82 son hongos liquenícolas. Las provincias que albergan un mayor número de taxones son Zamora, León y Palencia.The first checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Castilla y León is presented. We have register 4195 records, in 196 articles. The number of recorded taxa is 1013 (987 species and 26 infraspecific taxa). 931 are lichenized and 82 represent lichenicolous fungi. Provinces with the largest number of taxa are Zamora, León and Palencia

Primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria

Se presenta el primer catálogo de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas en la comunidad de Cantabria. Se han recogido un total de 788 citas en 57 publicaciones. El número total de taxones registrados asciende a 460 (452 especies, y 8 taxones infraespecíficos). De ellos, 430 están liquenizados y 30 son hongos liquenícolas.The first checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Cantabria is presented. 788 records have been compiled from 57 publications. The number of recorded taxa is 460 (452 species and 8 infraspecific taxa). 430 are lichenized fungi and 30 are lichenicolous fungi

Configuración de los entornos personales de aprendizaje en línea: autorregulación en el contexto de ELE

Trabalho de projeto de mestrado em Espanhol Língua Segunda / Língua EstrangeiraEntre as diversas possibilidades que as novas tecnologias introduziram, encontramos a opção de estudar idiomas de forma flexível por meio de plataformas digitais que permitem a realização de aulas particulares pela internet. O ponto de partida deste trabalho é a minha experiência como professor em diversas plataformas online de aprendizagem de línguas, que apresentam um modelo educacional padronizado para todos os alunos. Após vários anos ministrando aulas nesses espaços virtuais, detetei algumas deficiências relacionadas com à ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, ausência de ferramentas de monitorização da aprendizagem autónoma e autorregulação dos alunos. Em primeiro lugar, neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise contrastiva das plataformas online de ensino de lenguas mais relevantes, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis melhorias que reforcem o desenvolvimento de uma competência autónoma transversal a vários contextos de ensino. Em segundo lugar, foi implementado um projeto empírico com estudantes individuais online que pertendia desenvolver a autorregulaçao da aprendizagem a través de ferramentas didáticas como, por exemplo, o portafólio reflexivo digital. Os resultados deste trabalho procuram introduzir mais ferramentas de aprendizagem nessas plataformas educacionais comerciais.Entre las diversas posibilidades que han introducido las nuevas tecnologías, encontramos la opción de estudiar idiomas de forma flexible a través de plataformas digitales que permiten realizar clases particulares a través de internet. El punto de partida de este trabajo es mi experiencia como docente en varias plataformas de aprendizaje de idiomas en línea, que presentan un modelo educativo estandarizado para todos los estudiantes. Después de varios años impartiendo clases en estos espacios virtuales, he detectado algunas deficiencias relacionadas con los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, la ausencia de herramientas de monitorización del aprendizaje autónomo y la autorregulación de los alumnos. En primer lugar, en este trabajo se ha realizado un análisis contrastivo de las plataformas de enseñanza de idiomas en línea más relevantes, con el objetivo de identificar posibles mejoras que refuercen el desarrollo de una competencia autónoma transversal a diversos contextos docentes. En segundo lugar, se implementó un proyecto empírico con estudiantes individuales en línea que tenía como objetivo desarrollar la autorregulación del aprendizaje a través de herramientas didácticas como, por ejemplo, el portafolio reflexivo digital. Los resultados de este trabajo buscan introducir más herramientas de aprendizaje en estas plataformas educativas comerciales.Among the various possibilities that new technologies have introduced, we find the option of studying languages in a flexible way through digital platforms that allow private lessons on internet. The starting point of this work is my experience as a teacher in various online language learning platforms, which present a standardized educational model for all students. After several years teaching in these virtual spaces, I have detected some deficiencies related to virtual learning environments, the absence of monitoring tools for autonomous learning and student self-regulation. In the first place, a contrastive analysis of the most relevant online language teaching platforms has been carried out, with the aim of identifying possible improvements that reinforce the development of an autonomous competence transversal to various teaching contexts. After, an empirical project was implemented with individual students online that aimed to develop self-regulation of learning through didactic tools such as the digital reflective portfolio. The results of this work seek to introduce more learning tools in these commercial educational platforms

Early evolutionary differentiation of morphological variation in the mandible of South American caviomorph rodents (Rodentia, Caviomorpha)

Caviomorphs are a clade of South American rodents recorded at least since the early Oligocene (>31.5Ma) that exhibit ample eco-morphological variation. It has been proposed that phylogenetic structure is more important than ecological factors for understanding mandibular shape variation in this clade. This was interpreted as a result of the long-standing evolutionary history of caviomorphs and the early divergence of major lineages. In this work, we test this hypothesis through the analysis of morphological variation in the mandible of living and extinct species and compare this information with that obtained through comparative phylogenetic analyses. Our results support the hypothesis of early origin of mandibular variation; moreover, they suggest the conservation of early differentiated morphologies, which could indicate the existence of constrained evolutionary diversification.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Ecological and phylogenetic influence on mandible shape variation of South American caviomorph rodents (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha)

We analyzed mandible shape variation of 17 genera belonging to three superfamilies (Cavioidea, Chinchilloidea, and Octodontoidea) of South American caviomorph rodents using geometric morphometrics. The relative influence of phylogeny and ecology on this variation was assessed using phylogenetic comparative methods. Most morphological variation was concentrated in condylar, coronoid, and angular processes, as well as the diastema. Features potentially advantageous for digging (i.e. high coronoid and condylar processes, relatively short angular process, and diastema) were present only in octodontoids; cavioids showed opposing trends, which could represent a structural constraint for fossorial habits. Chinchilloids showed intermediate features. Genera were distributed in the morphospace according to their classification into superfamilial clades. The phylogenetic signal for shape components was significant along phylogeny, whereas the relationship between mandibular shape and ecology was nonsignificant when phylogenetic structure was taken into account. An early evolutionary divergence in the mandible shape among major caviomorph clades would explain the observed strong phylogenetic influence on the variation of this structure.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Two- Versus Three-Dimensional Morphometric Approaches in Macroevolution : Insight from the Mandible of Caviomorph Rodents

Morphological variation is one of the most studied dimensions of evolutionary biology, given its close relationship with the ecological aspects of biological diversification. In this work we examine the differences between the use of two- and three-dimensional morphometric techniques for the analysis of macroevolutionary patterns of morphological variation in the mandible of the South American caviomorph rodents, which displays varying degrees of hystricognathy. The variation patterns were similar for 2D and 3D coordinate datasets. However, phylogenetic comparative statistical analyses showed widely different results for mandible variation. Both the phylogenetic signal values and the results of phylogenetic regressions were markedly different between the two macroevolutionary mandible datasets. This suggests that the inclusion of the third coordinate to characterize a hystricognathous mandible may lead to completely different interpretations concerning the processes that could be regulating the morphological diversification of the caviomorph mandible. We also compare these results with the 2D and 3D macroevolutionary patterns of variation in cranial shape and the intra-specific mandible variation. The variation patterns were similar for 2D and 3D coordinate for all these comparative datasets. The differing results obtained at different evolutionary scales, give strength to the statement about careful selection of data not only in studies of morphological variation in caviomorphs but also for other groups of organisms.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Multilevel Multiphase Feedforward Space-Vector Modulation Technique

Multiphase converters have been applied to an increasing number of industrial applications in recent years. On the other hand, multilevel converters have become a mature technology mainly in medium- and high-power applications. One of the problems of multilevel converters is the dc voltage unbalance of the dc bus. Depending on the loading conditions and the number of levels of the converter, oscillations appear in the dc voltages of the dc link. This paper presents a feedforward modulation technique for multilevel multiphase converters that reduces the distortion under balanced or unbalanced dc conditions. The proposed modulation method can be applied to any multilevel-converter topology with any number of levels and phases. Experimental results are shown in order to validate the proposed feedforward modulation technique.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación DPI2009-07004Ministerio de Eduación y Ciencia TEC2007-6187

Rejuvenecimiento y memoria en vidrios de espín desde la perspectiva de JANUS

Los vidrios de espín son el paradigma de los sistemas complejos. En esta memoria, se estudian dos efectos sorprendentes que se dan en estos sistemas frustrados, la memoria y el rejuvenecimiento