La sistematización de funciones reales de una variable real sobre la base del trabajo independiente y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías

En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia encaminada a sistematizar las funciones reales de una variable real (funciones de R en R), en el primer año de las carreras de Ingenierías, la cual se implementa desde los Cursos Preparatorios de Matemática, y abarca la asignatura Matemática I. La misma se basa en el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes y el uso de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TICs). Se toma como referente teórico, presupuestos de la Psicología Educativa, la Didáctica de la Matemática, y diversos resultados, que en cuanto al uso de las nuevas tecnologías tienen lugar en la enseñanza de la Matemática en el nivel superior, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional

Registros semióticos y enseñanza del tema integrales

En este trabajo analizamos los registros de representación semiótica de conceptos matemáticos presentes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del Cálculo Integral en el primer año de las carreras de Ciencias Técnicas (dentro de las que se incluyen las ingenierías, la Arquitectura y las Ciencias de la Alimentación). Los análisis realizados por los autores tienden a reconocer los enfoques de Laura García y James Stewart y se propone unificar estos puntos de vista

Uso de dren intraabdominal y complicaciones asociadas al sitio operatorio en cirugía por apendicitis, mediante modelo de regresión logística en el Hospital Antonio Lorena del Cusco, 2019

Antecedentes: Hoy en día el uso de drenaje quirúrgico en pacientes con apendicitis aguda sigue siendo un tema controversial, debido a que ha sido relacionado con complicaciones en el sitio operatorio, es por ello que se toma como un incentivo para realizar más estudios. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre el uso de drenaje intra abdominal en la cirugía por apendicitis y la aparición de complicaciones en el sitio operatorio asociadas a dicha intervención quirúrgica realizada en el Servicio de Cirugía General en el Hospital Antonio Lorena durante los meses de enero a diciembre del año 2019. Material y métodos: Estudio Descriptivo con componente analítico, longitudinal, mediante modelo de regresión logística realizado en el Hospital Antonio Lorena durante el periodo enero-diciembre del año 2019 en 292 pacientes admitidos en el Servicio de Cirugía según los criterios de selección. Resultados: En nuestro estudio se tuvo una población de 292 pacientes, la edad promedio fue de 34,6712 años. La frecuencia del uso de drenaje quirúrgico fue de 50,3%(n=147) frente a un 49,7%(n=145) que no utilizaron drenaje de la población total. Del grupo de los casos (n=36) un 66,7% (n=24) tuvieron complicaciones asociadas al uso de drenaje quirúrgico; y en el grupo de los controles (n=256) el 52.0% (n=133) no presentaron complicaciones sin el uso de drenes intraabdominales. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que si existe asociación entre las complicaciones en el sitio operatorio posterior al uso de drenaje quirúrgico; a su vez el uso de drenaje quirúrgico condiciona un riesgo 2.16 veces mayor de presentar complicaciones frente al no uso de drenaje quirúrgico. La complicación postquirúrgica más frecuente es absceso residual. La presencia de complicaciones postquirúrgica asociadas al uso de drenaje quirúrgico condiciona una mayor estancia hospitalaria y una mayor duración de la terapia antibiótica.Background: Nowadays the use of surgical drainage in patients with acute appendicitis remains a controversial issue, because it has been related to complications in the operative site, which is why it is taken as an incentive to carry out further studies. Objetive: To determine if there is a relationship between the use of intra-abdominal drainage in appendicitis surgery and the appearance of complications in the operative site associated with said surgical intervention performed in the General Surgery Service at the Antonio Lorena Hospital during the months of January to December of the year 2019. Material and methods: Descriptive study with a analytical component, longitudinal, using a logistic regression model carried out at the Antonio Lorena Hospital during the January- December period of the year 2019 in 292 patients admitted to the general surgery service according to the selection criteria. Results: In our study we had a population of 292 patients, the average age was 34.6712 years. The frequency of the use of surgical drainage was 50,3% (n=147) versus 49,7% (n=145) who did not use drainage of the total population. Of the group of cases (n=36), 66.7% (n = 24) had complications associated with the use of surgical drainage; and in the group of controls (n = 256) 52.0% (n = 133) did not present complications without the use of drains. Conclusions: It is shown that there is an association between complications at the operative site after the use of surgical drainage; In turn, the use of surgical drainage determines a 2.16 times greater risk of presenting complications compared to the non-use of surgical drainage. The most frequent post-surgical complication is residual abscess. The presence of post- surgical complications associated with the use of surgical drainage determines a longer hospital stay and a longer duration of antibiotic therapy.Tesi

La inclusión en la escuela: programa de intervención en la formación inicial del docente

El pensamiento de los estudiantes Magisterio puede suponer un obstáculo para el aprendizaje de aquello que no se ajusta a sus creencias. Esto se hace especialmente patente en materias dedicadas a la formación para el desarrollo de aulas inclusivas. Para conseguir facilitar la reflexión sobre el razonamiento propio en el tratamiento inclusivo de la diversidad se aplica un programa para fomentar el desarrollo de competencias metacognitivas inclusivas, en un grupo de 43 estudiantes del grado de Educación Infantil. Se evalúa el conocimiento meta-cognitivo de los sujetos con técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, en distintos momentos de la intervención. Los resultados muestran un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la competencia metacognitiva y revelan que los sujetos otorgan un valor alto a la metacogni-ción para el tratamiento inclusivo de la diversidad. El programa implementado demuestra la conveniencia de iniciativas que ayudan al estudiante a analizar su pensamiento.The trainee teacher’s way of thinking can be an obstacle to learning what does not fit their beliefs or for which they do not have sufficient knowledge. This is especially evident in subjects that involve training for the development of inclusive classrooms. To facilitate the student’s reflection on one’s reasoning in the inclusive treatment of diversity, a program on the development of future teachers’ metacognitive inclusive skills was implemented. 43 students participated. Metacognitive knowledge both quantitative and qualitative perspective at different phases of the intervention was assessed. The results show a statistically significant increase in the metacognitive competence of the subjects following the intervention. In addition, it reveals that the subjects awarded a high value to metacognition for the inclusive treatment of diversity. The training program reveals the efficacy of initiatives that help the student to analyze his or her way of thinking

Management and conservation of fish populations in mountain streams: An holistic approach in the framework of LIFE DIVAQUA project

Producción CientíficaThe recovery of threatened and endangered fish species is among the highest priorities for biodiversity conservation in national parks and fisheries management in nearby areas. Threats to fish populations are numerous and include habitat fragmentation and degradation, proliferation of invasive and pathogen species, and climate change. Moreover, mountain areas often share the most critical threats. However, there does not exist a common strategy that integrates conservation and management plans for fish populations in mountain areas. In this regard, LIFE DIVAQUA designed a conservation strategy that integrates new knowledge gained from scientific research and long-term monitoring data, and considers the main threats to fish populations in mountain areas: (1) A long term monitoring program has been already implemented for 10 years, revealing temporal trends of fish populations in mountain streams. (2) Modeling of fish population by the use of environmental DNA allowed analyzing fish distributions in areas with scarce data and evaluating habitat suitability maps. (3) Fishways construction and removal of river barriers substantially increased the distribution area of endangered species. (4) The analysis of climate change effects in water temperature and hydrology led to the implementation of environmental flows under a climate change scenario; (5) Monitoring fish diseases, their occurrence, and temporal changes (e.g., Aeromonas spp.) can be used as an early warning signal of ecosystem unbalance. A pilot study for the implementation of this conservation and management plan in the LIFE DIVAQUA project is showing promising results. However, the success of conservation and management strategies requires a broader approach. This includes the participation of a wide range of partners and stakeholders and utilizes independent scientific oversight, assessment, and project adjustments to ensure conservation goals are met.Comisión Europea - (grant LIFE18 NAT/ES/000121

Native Trichoderma Isolates from Soil and Rootstock to Fusarium spp. Control and Growth Promotion of Humulus lupulus L. Plantlets

[EN] Fusarium genus is a wide host phytopathogen causing significant losses in multiple crops, including hops. There is limited information on the sustainable management of Fusarium spp. in hop fields. Trichoderma is an endophytic fungus used in agriculture as a biological control agent (BCA) and as a plant growth promoter. It has been used to antagonize Fusarium spp. in other crops. The objective of the current study was to identify indigenous hop field Trichoderma isolates with biocontrol and hop growth promotion capabilities. Three isolates of Fusarium and eleven autochthonous Trichoderma isolates collected from sustainable hop fields were evaluated in this work. Direct confrontation tests (the physical interaction between the pathogen and BCA and their competition for space and nutrient resources) and membrane tests (the capacity of the BCA to produce metabolites or enzymes through a cellophane film and inhibit the development of the pathogen) assessed the antagonism of these Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium culmorum, F. sambucinum, and F. oxysporum. A bioassay with hop plantlets inoculated with a spore suspension of Trichoderma was performed to assess its hop growth enhancement. T. hamatum (T311 and T324), T. virens T312, and T. gamsii T327 showed high growth inhibition of Fusarium spp. phytopathogens and high plant growth promotion. Native Trichoderma isolates from sustainable hop-producing soils have great potential as BCAs and hop growth promotersSIThis research was funded by the Ministerio de Universidades (Spain), grant number FPU19/03650 to A.J.P.-Á., and the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (Spain), Quality Hops Operational Group, Innovations in the cultivation of hops in Spain to improve the sustainability of farms (2019/00179/001

Spores of Trichoderma Strains over P. vulgaris Beans: Direct Effect on Insect Attacks and Indirect Effect on Agronomic Parameters

[EN] Acanthoscelides obtectus is an insect pest that attacks wild and cultivated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Four Trichoderma strains, the T. arundinaceum IBT 40837 wild-type strain (=Ta37), a producer of trichothecene harzianum A (HA), two transformants of T. arundinaceum strain, Ta37-17.139 (=Δtri17) and Ta37-23.74 (=Δtri23), and the T. brevicompactum IBT 40841 wild-type strain (=Tb41), which produces the trichothecene trichodermin, were assessed to establish their direct effect on insect attacks and their indirect effect on the plants grown from the beans treated with those fungal strains and exposed to insect attacks. Treatments of bean seeds with different Trichoderma strains led to different survival rates in the insects, and the Tb41 strain caused the lowest survival rate of all. An 86.10% of the insect cadavers (in contact with Δtri23) showed growth of this strain. This was the treatment that attracted the greatest number of insects. The daily emergence was reduced in beans treated with the Ta37, Tb41, and Δtri17 strains. The undamaged beans treated with Ta37 and Δtri23 showed a high capacity of germination (80.00% and 75.00%, respectively), whereas the Δtri17 and Tb41 treatments increased the capacity of germination in the damaged beans (66.67%). The undamaged beans treated with Δtri23 had the greatest dry weights for the aerial part (4.22 g) and root system in the plants (0.62 g). More studies on the mechanisms of insect control, plant growth promotion, and trichodermol and trichodermin production by Δtri23 and Tb41, respectively, should be explored in order to commercialize these fungal species on a large scale.SIWe would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Spain) (Resolution of 27 July 2018, BOE No.184, of July 31) for giving a grant to Álvaro Rodríguez González (PTA2017-14403-I) through the program Technical Support Staff (Call 2017). All authors included in this section have consented to the acknowledgement