Chiral Anomaly and CPT invariance in an implicit momentum space regularization framework

This is the second in a series of two contributions in which we set out to establish a novel momentum space framework to treat field theoretical infinities in perturbative calculations when parity-violating objects occur. Since no analytic continuation on the space-time dimension is effected, this framework can be particularly useful to treat dimension-specific theories. Moreover arbitrary local terms stemming from the underlying infinities of the model can be properly parametrized. We (re)analyse the undeterminacy of the radiatively generated CPT violating Chern-Simons term within an extended version of $QED_4$ and calculate the Adler-Bardeen-Bell-Jackiw triangle anomaly to show that our framework is consistent and general to handle the subtleties involved when a radiative corretion is finite.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, version to appear in PR

Implicit Regularization and Renormalization of QCD

We apply the Implicit Regularization Technique (IR) in a non-abelian gauge theory. We show that IR preserves gauge symmetry as encoded in relations between the renormalizations constants required by the Slavnov-Taylor identities at the one loop level of QCD. Moreover, we show that the technique handles divergencies in massive and massless QFT on equal footing.Comment: (11 pages, 2 figures

Comparing Implicit, Differential, Dimensional and BPHZ Renormalisation

We compare a momentum space implicit regularisation (IR) framework with other renormalisation methods which may be applied to dimension specific theories, namely Differential Renormalisation (DfR) and the BPHZ formalism. In particular, we define what is meant by minimal subtraction in IR in connection with DfR and dimensional renormalisation (DR) .We illustrate with the calculation of the gluon self energy a procedure by which a constrained version of IR automatically ensures gauge invariance at one loop level and handles infrared divergences in a straightforward fashion. Moreover, using the $\phi^4_4$ theory setting sun diagram as an example and comparing explicitly with the BPHZ framework, we show that IR directly displays the finite part of the amplitudes. We then construct a parametrization for the ambiguity in separating the infinite and finite parts whose parameter serves as renormalisation group scale for the Callan-Symanzik equation. Finally we argue that constrained IR, constrained DfR and dimensional reduction are equivalent within one loop order.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figures, late

Precise determination of the Wtb couplings at LHC

Top pair production at LHC is the ideal place to search for nonstandard Wtb couplings in t -> W b -> l nu b decays. The lb forward-backward asymmetry in the W rest frame is very sensitive to sigma_{mu nu} couplings, and can spot one-loop QCD corrections to the decay vertex with more than 5 sigma statistical significance. We discuss the potential of this asymmetry to signal nonstandard gamma_mu and sigma_{mu nu} couplings and compare with top-antitop spin correlation asymmetries, which have a lower sensitivity. We also briefly summarise the results for Tevatron.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, 2 PS figures. One reference added. To be published in PR

Neutrino physics at large colliders

Large colliders are not sensitive to light neutrino masses and character, but they can produce new heavy neutrinos, allowing also for the determination of their Dirac or Majorana nature. We review the discovery limits at the next generation of large colliders.Comment: LaTeX 32 pages. This review summarises and extends work presented at several conferences. To appear in the proceedings of CORFU2005. References adde

Spatial and temporal variability of carbonaceous aerosols: assessing the impact of biomass burning in the urban environment

Biomass burning (BB) is a significant source of atmospheric particles in many parts of the world. Whereas many studies have demonstrated the importance of BB emissions in central and northern Europe, especially in rural areas, its impact in urban air quality of southern European countries has been sparsely investigated. In this study, highly time resolved multi-wavelength absorption coefficients together with levoglucosan (BB tracer) mass concentrations were combined to apportion carbonaceous aerosol sources. The Aethalometer model takes advantage of the different spectral behaviour of BB and fossil fuel (FF) combustion aerosols. The model was found to be more sensitive to the assumed value of the aerosol Ångström exponent (AAE) for FF (AAEff) than to the AAE for BB (AAEbb). As result of various sensitivity tests the model was optimized with AAEff = 1.1 and AAEbb = 2. The Aethalometer model and levoglucosan tracer estimates were in good agreement. The Aethalometer model was further applied to data from three sites in Granada urban area to evaluate the spatial variation of CMff and CMbb (carbonaceous matter from FF or BB origin, respectively) concentrations within the city. The results showed that CMbb was lower in the city centre while it has an unexpected profound impact on the CM levels measured in the suburbs (about 40%). Analysis of BB tracers with respect to wind speed suggested that BB was dominated by sources outside the city, to the west in a rural area. Distinguishing whether it corresponds to agricultural waste burning or with biomass burning for domestic heating was not possible. This study also shows that although traffic restrictions measures contribute to reduce carbonaceous concentrations, the extent of the reduction is very local. Other sources such as BB, which can contribute to CM as much as traffic emissions, should be targeted to reduce air pollution.This research was partially supported by the Andalusia Regional Government through projects P10-RNM-6299 and P12-RNM-2409, by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER through project CGL2013_45410-R; by EUREKA and the Slovenian Ministry of Economic Development and Technology grants (Eurostars grant E!4825 FC Aeth, JR-KROP grant 3211-11-000519); and by European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 654109, ACTRIS-2. The authors would like to thank Air Quality Service from Junta de Andalucía (Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio) and Vicerrectorado de Política Científica e Investigación from the University of Granada for their support in the installation of the Aethalometer at PC and GV, respectively.G. Titos was partially funded by Programa del Plan Propio de Investigación “Contrato Puente” of the University of Granada and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under postdoctoral program Juan de la Cierva – Formación (FJCI-2014-20819)

Efecto de la densidad de inoculación en la maduración de embriones somáticos de plátano cv. `FHIA-21' (Musa AAAB)

The establishment of conditions of culture is essential to regulate of efficient way the regeneration of plantain plants cv. `FHIA-21' by somatic embryogenesis. It is for that reason that this investigation had like objective to determine the effect of the density of inoculation on maturation of somatic embryos. For the study were added 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 grams of somatic embryos on 60 ml of culture means maturation semisolid. The evaluations were realized to the 30 days of culture with the analysis of the morphologic characteristics of the embryos, the determination of the fresh mass (g) and presence of embryos with exhibition of apical shoot. Later, the number of germinated embryos was determined and a morphologic characterization of its germination was realized. The results showed the influence of the density of inoculation in the increase of the fresh mass and in the presence of embryos with exhibition of apical shoot. Nevertheless, significant differences with respect to the total of germinated embryos did not appear, the values oscillated between 8.4 and 11.2 by bottle of culture. In spite of it, one better germination was evident when the 0.4 embryos were worked to gMF, during the phase of maturation. From the embryos with complete and partial germination plants were developed to the 25 and 35 days of culture, respectively, during the phase of growth. These plants were characterized to have a height between 3.5 and 4.0cm, more than three open leaves and a system to radical developed. Aspects that favoured a high survival during the phase of acclimatization in green house. Key words: somatic embryogenesis, fresh mass, germination, morphologicEl establecimiento de las condiciones de cultivo es imprescindible para regular de manera eficiente la regeneración de plantas de plátano cv. `FHIA-21' por embriogénesis somática. Es por ello que esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la densidad de inoculación en la maduración de los embriones somáticos. Para el estudio se adicionaron 0.2, 0.4 y 0.6 gramos de embriones somáticos sobre 60 ml de medio de cultivo semisólido de maduración. Las evaluaciones se realizaron a los 30 días de cultivo con el análisis de las características morfológicas de los embriones, la determinación de la masa fresca (g) y presencia de embriones con exposición de la plúmula. Posteriormente, se determinó el número de embriones germinados y se realizó una caracterización morfológica de su germinación. Los resultados mostraron la influencia de la densidad de inoculación en el incremento de la masa fresca y en la presencia de embriones con exposición de la plúmula. Sin embargo, no se presentaron diferencias significativas con respecto al total de embriones germinados, los valores oscilaron entre 8.4 y 11.2 por frasco de cultivo. A pesar de ello, fue evidente una mejor germinación cuando se empleó 0.4 gMF de embriones somáticos, durante la fase de maduración. A partir de los embriones con germinación completa y parcial se desarrollaron plantas a los 25 y 35 días de cultivo, respectivamente, durante la fase de crecimiento. Estas plantas se caracterizaron por tener una altura entre 3.5 y 4.0 cm, más de tres hojas abiertas y un sistema radical desarrollado. Aspectos que favorecieron una alta supervivencia durante la fase de aclimatización en casa de cultivo. Palabras clave: embriogénesis somática, germinación, masa fresca, morfológic

Laboratory and Numerical Study of Saltwater Upconing in Fractured Coastal Aquifers

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/w13233331/s1.Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. This study investigated the saltwater upconing mechanism in fractured coastal aquifers. Head-induced saline intrusion was initiated into three narrow sandbox aquifers containing individual horizontal discontinuities placed on different positions. Subsequently, using a peristaltic pump, freshwater was abstracted from the aquifers’ center, triggering saltwater upconing. Progressively larger pumping rates were applied until critical conditions, resulting in the wells’ salinization, were achieved. Advanced image analysis algorithms were utilized to recreate the saltwater concentration fields and quantify the extent of the saline wedges with a high accuracy. A numerical model was successfully employed to simulate the laboratory results and conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, further expanding the findings of this investigation. The impact of the fractures’ length, permeability and position on the upconing mechanism was identified. It was established that the presence of high permeability discontinuities significantly affected aquifer hydrodynamics. The conclusions of this study could constitute a contribution towards the successful management of real-world fractured coastal aquifers.EPSRC Standard Research (Grant No. EP/R019258/1)

New risks and trends in the safety and health of women at work

In 2009 and 2010, the Agency commissioned an update to its previous research on gender issues at work (EU-OSHA, 2003), which found that inequality both within and outside the workplace can have an effect on the health and safety of women at work. This report provides that update and the first figures on the effects of the recent economic downturn on women at work. It aims to fulfil the task outlined by the European strategy on health and safety at work (EC, 2002) for EU-OSHA’s European Risk Observatory: ‘examining the specific challenges in terms of health and safety posed by the more extensive integration of women in the labour market’. Gender inequalities in the workplace and work–life balance issues have become increasingly important as the employment rates of women have continued to grow in all Member States. Although in 2012 58.6 % of working age women (in the EU-27) were in employment and women filled 59 % of all newly created jobs in 2009(1 ), the extent to which women contribute economically still seems to be underestimated. At its start, women were affected less than men by the recent economic crisis, as the first jobs to be lost were mostly in the male-dominated construction and manufacturing industries. However, between 2008 and 2012, European gender differences in employment fell by an average of 7.6 to 6.3 percentage points, mainly because male employment rates fell more than those of women, which have returned to the 2007 level. A modern organisation of work, a knowledge economy, competitiveness and more and better jobs are central to the post-2010 Lisbon Strategy and the EU’s 2020 Strategy. Women are essential to the workforce in terms of providing an active and sustainable source of labour, and in June 2010 the European Council set a new, ambitious target aiming to raise the employment rate for women and men aged 20–64 to 75 % by 2020, partly through the greater participation of young people, older workers and low-skilled workers and the better integration of legal migrants. However, although employment rates for women are rising, much remains to be done, especially for older and younger women, to reach this goal and at the same time ensure decent work for all. The issue of occupational safety and health (OSH) for women who work in the European Union (EU) is central to an understanding of the working environment. Previous research has shown that women’s OSH has to be improved. Research from the European Commission illustrates that, even by 1995, women accounted for close to or above half of all cases of work-associated ill health, including allergies (45 %), infectious illnesses (61 %), neurological complaints (55 %) and hepatic and dermatological complaints (48 %). The situation has not improved. Further, for ‘women’s jobs’, such as those in the health and social services, retail and hospitality sectors, there is a stagnation in accident rates in some countries; women are more likely to be bullied and harassed, subjected to sexual harassment and have to use poorly fitting personal protective equipment that is not usually sized for a smaller frame. The aims of this review are to: Provide a statistical overview of the trends in employment and integration of women in the labour market, and explore how they impact on their occupational safety and health. Identify and highlight the main issues and trends in employment characteristics, working conditions, hazard exposure and work-related accidents and health problems for women at work and explore more in-depth selected issues not addressed thoroughly before, such as combined exposures, informal work and the rehabilitation of women into work. Identify emerging issues for OSH research and the prevention of occupational diseases and accidents affecting women at work. This focus on OSH benefits not only women but also men who work, and thus reinforces the considerable potential to be gained by improved workplaces. A summary of the findings and trends and a more detailed list of suggestions is included in every chapter of this report and in the conclusions

Distribución de Brenneria spp. en la Comunidad Valenciana y especies forestales a las que afecta

El género Brenneria agrupa especies bacterianas que producen chancros con lesiones necróticas y exudados en plantas leñosas. En España, en los últimos años, se han identificado varias Brenneria sp. como responsables de chancros bacterianos en quercíneas (B. quercina), nogales (B. nigrifluens y B. rubrifaciens) y chopos (Brenneria sp.). En la Comunidad Valenciana también se han detectado focos de B. quercina en encinas de algunos parajes de importancia medioambiental, pero todavía se dispone de escasa información acerca de la incidencia de esta bacteriosis en nuestra Comunidad. Sin embargo, no existen referencias de la presencia de Brenneria spp. en nogal o chopo en la Comunidad Valenciana, aunque no se puede descartar su presencia o introducción a través de material vegetal. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido conocer la incidencia de dichas bacteriosis en nuestra Comunidad. Para ello, se han continuado las prospecciones en masas de quercíneas de distintos orígenes geográficos de la Comunidad Valenciana iniciadas en un estudio anterior, y se han centrado en aquellas zonas o especies del género Quercus en las que la bacteria no había sido detectada previamente. Además, se han iniciado prospecciones en otras especies forestales de interés para nuestra Comunidad, como Juglans regia y Populus spp