A csapadék ionos összetételének kémiai jellemzői és forráselemzése a romániai Kárpátokban, Európában és az Egyesült Államokban

The thesis is a complex study of precipitation chemistry using methods and models of environmental chemistry and geochemistry. Its elaboration started from the validation of some mathematical models, and by analyzing the dispersion behavior of some chemical species in atmospheric precipitation samples collected in closed intramountain basins. These closed basins are characterized by the specific microclimate conditions, which helps to develop the models mentioned above. In the intramountain depressions studied in the Eastern and Southwestern Carpathians, the influence of the Carpathian arc can be observed on the continental and/or oceanic air masses, and on the specific local characteristics, respectively. By analyzing the chemical composition of precipitation corroborated with the air masses circulation, significant modifications can be observed due to climate change that is present both at local level (by the appearance of local anticyclonic systems) and at continental level, by changing the trajectory of continental air masses. These changes are visible by the long-range transport of some chemical species present in different regions. The concentration of sea salts, respectively the significant specific correlation between chloride and sodium or its loss in certain regions are indicators of the changes occurred in the air masses. The Foehn effect of the Dinaric Alps on the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation has been highlighted. By extrapolating the results obtained in intramountain depressions to the European level, corroborating them with the climate policies assumed in the last two decades by the European Union member states indicates a homogenization and an accentuated decrease of acid ions, in comparison to non-EU countries, where higher levels of acidic pollutants were observed. The calculation techniques used at European level were extrapolated to the contiguous United States, which in comparison to the European continent, has a much greater climate variability, and the applied environmental policies are not unitary, hence there is a clear trend of less visible decrease of different pollutants compared to EU countries

Néhány palackozott romániai ásványvíz jellemzése a teljes ásványi anyag tartalom alapján: Characterization of some bottled Romanian mineral waters on the basis of the total mineral content

Romania has many mineral water sources due to its geological features. In the present study, bottles of 26 Romanian mineral water brands were obtained from the market to make a characterization based on the pH, conductivity, and fixed residue content. According to the total fixed residue, the distribution of low, medium, and highly mineralized water was 43.9%, 41.46%, and 14.63%, respectively. The mean of fixed residue concentration was 763.3 mg/L, ranging from 40.37 mg/L to 2603 mg/L. The pH values of the still mineral waters varied between 6.86 and 7.91, while the pH values of the sparkling mineral waters were the lowest (4.7). The conductivity was strongly related to the concentration of the ions, therefore the maximum measured conductivity for the still waters was 573 µS/cm, for the partially sparkling waters 2133 µS/cm, and for the sparkling mineral waters 3079 µS/cm.  Kivonat Románia geológiai adottságainak köszönhetően sok ásványvízforrással rendelkezik. Jelen kutatás során 26 romániai palackozott ásványvizet elemeztünk, a pH, a vezetőképesség és a rögzített maradéktartalom alapján. A teljes fix maradékra összpontosítva az alacsony, közepes és erősen mineralizált víz eloszlása ​​43,9%, 41,46% és 14,63% volt. A rögzített átlagos maradéktartalom 763,3 mg/l volt, ugyanakkor 40,37 mg/l és 2603 mg/l között változott. Az szénsavmentes ásványvizek pH-értékei 6,86 és 7,91 között változtak, míg a szénsavval dúsított ásványvizek pH-értékei a legalacsonyabbak (4,7). A vezetőképesség szorosan összefügg az ionok koncentrációjával, így a szénsavmentes ásványvizek maximális mért vezetőképessége 573 µS/cm, a részben szénsavas vizeknél 2133 µS/cm, a szénsavas ásványvizek esetében pedig a vezetőképesség 3079 µS/cm volt.&nbsp

A Pécsi Tudományegyetem informatikai fejlesztésének története

A számítástechnika alkalmazása a pécsi felsőoktatásban 1971-ben kezdődött a Pollack Mihály Műszaki Főiskolán, egy évvel később a Jogtudományi Karon, majd a Pécsi Orvostudományi Egyetemen. A Pécsi Tanárképző Főiskolán az 1980-as évek elején jelentek meg az első számítógépek. Mivel korábban az egyetemi karok többsége önálló intézmény volt, az informatika fejlődésének története mindegyik karnál máskor, másképp indult és más pályát követett. A kötet célja, hogy betekintést adjunk egyetemünk informatikai fejlődésébe, amely a mai napig hatással van az oktatásra és a kutatásra egyaránt

PM10 concentration reduction due to the wet scavenging in the Ciuc Basin, Romania

The PM10 concentration reduction caused by large-scale precipitation in the Ciuc Basin was studied under no-wind conditions. The PM10 concentration changing before, during, and after the rainfall was followed up from 2008 to 2019. After the rainfall episode, the PM10 concentrations were lower in the cold and warm periods with 2.8 μg/m3, and 2 μg/m3 respectively. The highest PM10 concentration reduction was detected in the cold season, by the moderate and light rain intensity, after 6 hrs of continuous rain (35.61%, 32.46%), and the average PM10 concentration reduction in the cold and warm periods was 22.3% and 16.1% respectively

A comparative analysis of the nutritional composition of several dairy products in the Romanian market

The aim of this study was to provide customers with additional information by analyzing and comparing the nutritional data of different dairy product varieties in Romania. Milk is an ideal source of nutrition because it contains a balanced combination of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. In this study, the nutritional constituents of dairy products from Romania were examined. In total, the nutritional characteristics of 143 dairy products: milk (N-42), sour cream (N-37), cheese (N-40) and butter (N-24) (energetic value, fat content, fat of which saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, sugar, proteins, salt, calcium) were collected from the market and statistically analyzed. The average energy values of the studied dairy products were 188/261 kJ/100 ml for milk, 610/739/1091 kJ/100 g for sour cream, 2359/3022 kJ/100 g for butter and 1306 kJ/100 g for cheese. The fat concentration of the studied products was standardized. Based on the cluster analysis, some products whose characteristics differed significantly included Gordon milk (1.5%, 3.5%), Keresztúri and Szépvízi cheese

Effects of PM₁₀ and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians)

This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases

Effects of PM10 and Weather on Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Ciuc Basin (Romanian Carpathians)

This study presents the PM10 concentration, respiratory and cardiovascular disease hospital admissions evolution in the Ciuc basin for a period of 9 years (2008–2016), taking into consideration different meteorological conditions: boundary layer, lifting condensation level, temperature-humidity index, and wind chill equivalent chart index. The PM10 and hospital admissions evolution showed a very fluctuated hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly tendency. The PM10 concentration in winter (34.72 μg/m3) was 82% higher than the multiannual average (19.00 μg/m3), and almost three times higher than in summer (11.71 μg/m3). During the winter, PM10 concentration increased by an average of 9.36 μg/m3 due to the increased household heating. Climatological parameters have a demonstrable effect on the PM10 concentration variation. Children, the elderly and men are more sensitive to air pollution, the calculated relative risk for men was (RR = 1.45), and for women (RR = 1.37), respectively. A moderate correlation (0.51) was found between PM10 and pneumonia (P), while a relatively weak correlation (0.39) was demonstrated in the case of PM10 and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Furthermore, except thermal humidity index (THI), strong negative correlations were observed between the multiannual monthly mean PM10 and the meteorological data. The PM10 followed a moderate negative correlation with the boundary layer (−0.61). In the case of URTI and P, the highest number of hospital admissions occurred with a 5 to 7-day lag, while the 10 μg/m3 PM10 increase resulted in a 2.04% and 8.28% morbidity increase. For lung cancer (LC) and cardiovascular diseases (AMI, IHD, CCP), a maximum delay of 5–6 months was found. Three-month delay and an average growth of 1.51% was observed in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Overall, these findings revealed that PM10 was and it is responsible for one-third of the diseases