Divergent expression of claudin -1, -3, -4, -5 and -7 in developing human lung

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Claudins are the main components of tight junctions, structures which are associated with cell polarity and permeability. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of claudins 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in developing human lung tissues from 12 to 40 weeks of gestation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>47 cases were analyzed by immunohistochemisty for claudins 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7. 23 cases were also investigated by quantitative RT-PCR for claudin-1, -3 and -4.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Claudin-1 was expressed in epithelium of bronchi and large bronchioles from week 12 onwards but it was not detected in epithelium of developing alveoli. Claudin-3, -4 and -7 were strongly expressed in bronchial epithelium from week 12 to week 40, and they were also expressed in alveoli from week 16 to week 40. Claudin-5 was expressed strongly during all periods in endothelial cells. It was expressed also in epithelium of bronchi from week 12 to week 40, and in alveoli during the canalicular period. RT-PCR analyses revealed detectable amounts of RNAs for claudins 1, 3 and 4 in all cases studied.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Claudin-1, -3, -4, -5, and -7 are expressed in developing human lung from week 12 to week 40 with distinct locations and in divergent quantities. The expression of claudin-1 was restricted to the bronchial epithelium, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -7 were positive also in alveolar epithelium as well as in the bronchial epithelium. All claudins studied are linked to the development of airways, whereas claudin-3, -4, -5 and -7, but not claudin-1, are involved in the development of acinus and the differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells.</p

Bruk av Sim-Man i bachelor-utdanningen i farmasi

Simulering som læringsmetode blir tatt i bruk på flere fagområder. Simulering er å etterligne en virkelig situasjon ved hjelp av for eksempel en dukke. På Høgskolen i Nord Trøndelag (HiNT) avdeling for helsefag Namsos, finnes det en simuleringsdukke, SIM-MAN. Den egner seg godt til å simulere utfordringer helsepersonell kan oppleve. Per i dag er den blitt brukt mot sykepleiestudenter. Farmasøyter er en gruppe helsepersonell som leverer ut legemidler til sluttbruker. Sjelden får de anledning til å se hva som kan skje med pasienten hvis legemidlene for eksempel ikke tas riktig / pasientene opplever bivirkninger. Dette kan farmasøyten en del om på teoretisk nivå. På bakgrunn av dette, kom ideen om at en også kunne bruke SIM MAN i forhold til legemiddelrelaterte utfordringer for farmasistudenter. Et prøveprosjekt med bruk av SIM-MAN i forhold til legemiddel relaterte problemstillinger ble planlagt, gjennomført og evaluert