J. T. and C. T. Hulett

48-2Indian AffairsReport : Petition of J. and C. Hulett. [2328] Ute depredations of 1879 in Colorado.1885-5

depauperatum

Trifolium depauperatum Desvauxpoverty clover;balloon clover;balloon sack clover;cowbag clover;dwarf sack cloverTrifolium depauperatum6.3 mi E on Cherokee Rd, from Jct with Alt. Hwy 40lava field with vernal pools, grazed1400 feetBaeria fremontii, Orthocarpus attenuatus, O. erianthus, Parvisedum pumilum, Lupinus nanus, Lepidium nitidum, Arenaria douglasiana, Navarretia leucocephal

syzigachne

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) FernaldBeckmannia syzigachneAmerican sloughgrass;sloughgrass;Beckmann's grass;American shorthuskCile BasinSwamp5000'her

montana

Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc.mountain muhlyMosca Pass, San Isabel National ForestIn open in gravelly sand.ca. 9600 feetVery densely tufted. Erect from decumbent base

Edaphoclimatological study of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) in Loja province, southern Ecuador

A study about climate and soil conditions in areas where wild cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) trees can be found, was carried out between August and October 1995 in Loja province (southern Ecuador), which is probably the centre of origin of this fruit species. The objective was to examine the range of edapho-climatological conditions in which wild cherimoya trees occur, in order to obtain an indication of its growth requirements. A zonal classification of Loja province was carried out, using a GIS (Geographical information System), to determine and define characteristics of zones where optimal production is to be expected. A combination of climatological maps, soil maps and 52 soil analyses data from 20 locations allowed to determine requirements in annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, yearly precipitation, relative humidity, soil texture, pH and organic matter content. In Loja province, wild cherimoya trees are generally found in mild (mean annual temperature between 19 and 20.5 degrees C) and relatively dry (mean annual precipitation varying between 650 and 1,250 mm) areas with relative humidity ranging from 75 - 85 %. Well drained soils with textures ranging between sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam, a slightly acid pH that is slightly acid (varying between 5 and 6.5) and a moderate organic matter content (ranging 1 - 5 %) seem to be optimal.A study about climate and soil conditions in areas where wild cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) trees can be found, was carried out between August and October 1995 in Loja province (southern Ecuador), which is probably the centre of origin of this fruit species. The objective was to examine the range of edapho-climatological conditions in which wild cherimoya trees occur, in order to obtain an indication of its growth requirements. A zonal classification of Loja province was carried out, using a GIS (Geographical information System), to determine and define characteristics of zones where optimal production is to be expected. A combination of climatological maps, soil maps and 52 soil analyses data from 20 locations allowed to determine requirements in annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, yearly precipitation, relative humidity, soil texture, pH and organic matter content. In Loja province, wild cherimoya trees are generally found in mild (mean annual temperature between 19 and 20.5 degrees C) and relatively dry (mean annual precipitation varying between 650 and 1,250 mm) areas with relative humidity ranging from 75 - 85 %. Well drained soils with textures ranging between sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam, a slightly acid pH that is slightly acid (varying between 5 and 6.5) and a moderate organic matter content (ranging 1 - 5 %) seem to be optimal.P

Vasconcellea

Vasconcellea, comprising 21 species, is the largest genus of the Caricaceae, best known for the monotypic genus Carica, including papaya (C. papaya), one of the most important tropical fruit crops. It is distributed from Mexico to Chile, with the center of diversity in Ecuador and Colombia. Because of their preference for higher altitudes, most Vasconcellea species are referred to as highland or mountain papayas. Currently, five of them are threatened and red-listed and four are not found in protected areas, while none of them are currently present in seed collections, raising questions on their conservation and urging for rapid action. Some Vasconcellea species have potential as novel tropical fruits, particularly V.?×?heilbornii, V.?cundinamarcensis, and V. goudotiana, which are being used for a growing (niche) market for new exotic products. As a source of papain, several Vasconcellea species show proteolytic activity up to 17 times as high as that of papaya. Others are being used as a source of new genes for papaya breeding, particularly for disease resistance (especially against papaya ringspot virus), cold tolerance, and specific organoleptic traits. Optimal use of Vasconcellea genetic resources requires a better understanding of its genetic potential, as well as the development of technologies to create intergeneric hybrids with papaya, as conventional breeding faces significant barriers. Cytogenetic and molecular studies, based on AFLP, PCR-RFLP, and SRR analysis, have allowed a better understanding of the evolution of the main Vasconcellea species, indicating complex hybridization and introgression processes among multiple species, which contrasts with the straightforward domestication of the common papaya. Genomic research in Vasconcellea has been limited to the sequencing of some gene fragments and the development of BAC libraries for a few species. Recent progress on papaya genomics, the development of a high-density genetic map, and the sequencing of the genome will help in the identification of genes of interest in Vasconcellea, either for papaya breeding or for the development of Vasconcellea species as new crops. (Résumé d'auteur