PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FIBER (E-glass) PADA RESIN KOMPOSIT TERHADAP KONSENTRASI SISA MONOMER

Fiber Reinforced Composite is a composite material which is created by fusing composite resin and fiber. There is great interest in the development of FRC in dentistry because of its mechanical properties, which supports the concept of minimally invasive dentistry. E-Glass fiber is a type of fiber which is commonly used because of its high transluncency. Resin-based composite is set through the polymerization of the monomer matrix. The degree of polymerization of resin-based composite will never reach 100%, thus resulting in residual monomer. The amount of residual monomer affects the mechanical properties and bicompatibility of a material. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fiber addition to residual monomer concentration in fiber reinforced composite. E-glass fiber (R338-2400/V/P, Stick Tech Ltd., Turku, Finland) and composite resin Masterflow ® (Biodinamica, Brazil) were used. There were two groups. Group one was composite resin and group two was composite resin with the addition of E-glass fiber. Each material was inserted into the mold (size 2x2x25mm), then cured by visible light cure for 20 seconds, then powdered. 150 mg of the sample powder was diluted in acetonitrile to reach a volume of 10 ml for each group. Magnetic stirrer was used to dissolve the solution for 72 hours. The sample solution was filtered with a syringe filter 0.2 μl and then injected into the HPLC as much as 20 μl. Residual Monomer was analyzed using the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water with a 7: 3 ratio, flow rate of 1 ml/minute at room temperature. The size of column was C18 5μ, length 125 mm, and 4 mm in diameter. UV detection using 275 nm wavelength was performed. The data were analyzed by t-test. The average concentration of residual monomer of the composite resin was 0,0336 + 0,0014 and the E-glass FRC was 0,0017 + 0,0201. Test t-test result showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups (p<0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of E-glass fiber to composite resin reduced the concentration of residual monomer

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PELEPASAN MONOMER PADA FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE JENIS ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE)

Fiber reinforced composite is a combination material of resin composite as matrix, fiber as reinforcement and coupling agent as a binder. Matrix in FRC contains bis-GMA which has water absorbing property. Water sorption will cause residual monomer released. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of water soaking duration to monomer release from FRC with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber. Samples of this research were FRC with UHMWPE fiber (CONSTRUCT Kerr TM, USA). Bar shaped samples with a size of 5�2�2 mm, cured with ligh curing unit for 20s. Samples were divided into three groups and soaked in distilled water for 1, 7, and 21 days (n = 4). Samples were soaked in distilled water with temperature 37oC. The monomer release was measured with high performance liquid chromathography (HPLC) (Shimadzu Class VP, Kyoto, Japan). The equipment with a UV detaktor 220 nm, mobile phase of CH3CN / H2O (7 : 3), and 20 μL injection. The data of monomer release concentration were tested using one way ANOVA and LSD test. The results showed mean quantity monomer release of the soaking group between day 1, 7, and 21 were 439.839 ± 0.931 μg/mL, 443.017 ± 0.117 μg/mL, and 444.086 ± 0.192 μg/mL. ANOVA result showed that there was significant influence of water soaking duration to monomers release (p � 0.05). LSD showed significant differences between 1 day to 21 day. Conclusion of this research was water soaking duration has influence on the quantity monomer release from FRC with UHMWPE. Key words : FRC, UHMWPE, water soaking, quantity monomer releas

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN POLYETHYLENE FIBER TERHADAP KONSENTRASI SISA MONOMER PADA FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE JENIS POLYETHYLENE FIBER

Fiber reinforced composite is a material consisted of matrix and reinforcing fiber. There is great interest in the development of FRC in dentistry as an alternative material with minimally preparation for teeth and it has good mechanical properties. Polyethylene fiber is a type of fiber which is commonly used because it has good mechanical. Polymerization of resin-based composite will never reach 100%, thus resulting in residual monomer. The amount of residual monomer affects the mechanical properties and bicompatibility of a material. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of polyethylene fiber addition to residual monomer concentration in fiber reinforced composite. Polyethylene fiber (CONSTRUCT KerrTM, USA) and composite resin Masterflow ® (Biodinamica, Brazil) were used. There were two groups. Group one was composite resin and group two was composite resin with the addition of polyethylene fiber. Each material was inserted into the mold (size 2x2x25mm), then cured by visible light cure for 20 seconds, then powdered 75 mg of the sample powder was diluted in acetonitrile to reach a volume of 5 ml for each group. Magnetic stirrer was used to dissolve the solution for 72 hours. The sample solution was filtered with a milipore 0.45 μm and then injected into the HPLC as much as 20 μL. Residual monomer was analyzed using the mobile phase of acetonitrile and water with a 7:3 ratio, flow rate of 1 mL/minute at room temperature. The size of column was C18 5 μm, length 125 mm, and 4 mm in diameter. UV detection using 220 nm wavelength was performed. The data were analyzed by t-test. The average concentration of residual monomer of the composite resin was 0.044601 ± 0.00234 and the polyethylene FRC was 0.017861 ± 0.00068. Test t-test result showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups (�<0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of polyethylene fiber to composite resin reduced the concentration of residual monomer. Keywords : polyethylene, FRC, residual monomer, HPLC, bis-GM

UJI SITOTOKSISITAS POLYETHYLENE FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE PADA SEL FIBROBLAS (METODE MTT)

Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is material consist matrix which is reinforced by fiber. Polyethylene fiber is a fiber that is commonly used in dentistry, because of its good mechanical properties. Materials used in dentistry must have good biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to determine cytotoxicity of polyethylene FRC on fibroblasts cells. The materials used were polyethylene fiber (CONSTRUCT KerTM, USA) and resin composite Masterflow (Biodinamica, Brazil). There were two research groups. The first group was composite resin and the second was polyethylene FRC. Each material inserted into the mold (2x2x25mm) and cured by visible light cure for 20 seconds, then powdered. Vero cell line (LPPT, UGM), were cultured and inserted into the wells with density 2x104 sel/100μL, then incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. Composite and polyethylene FRC powder were dissolved using culture medium, and then inserted into the cells and incubated. MTT solution added into the the cells, then incubated for 4 hours. SDS-HCL added into each well. Optical Density value obtained from the amount of formazan crystals formed using ELISA plate reader with wavelength of 550 nm. The percentage of cell viability of each sample was calculated by comparing the optical density treatment and control. The data was statistically tested by t-test. Average of percentage cell viability were exposed by resin composite was 83.108+4.113% and polyethylene FRC was 87.463+4751%. The result of t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05%). The conclusion of this study was polyethylene fiber reinforced composite was not cytotoxic to fibroblast. Keywords: FRC, polyethylene, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, MTT assa

PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DALAM AIR TERHADAP SITOTOKSISITAS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE JENIS POLYETHYLENE FIBER PADA SEL FIBROBLAS (METODE MTT)

Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is a material made of polymer matrix that is reinforced by fibers. Polyethylene fiber is one of the commonly used fiber due its good properties. The use of FRC in the oral cavity promotes a sustainable interaction between the FRC and saliva which is mostly consists of water. Polymer matrix absorbs water and facilitate a monomer release which can cause a cytotoxic effects to human cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of immersion duration in water to cytotoxicity of polyethylene FRC on fibroblasts. Flowable composite (MasterFlow, Biodinamica, Brazil) and polyethylene fiber (CONSTRUCT Kerr) are material used in this study. Samples which sized 2x2x5 mm (n=8) immersed in 2 ml of water for 0,1,and 7 days. The water extracts were added in to the culture of fibroblast cells (Vero cell line). Cytotoxicity test were done by using the MTT method. The optical density was calculated using the ELISA Plate reader to determine the percentage of surviving cells. Data were statistically analyzed by One Way ANOVA and LSD0.05. The results showed an average viability of fibroblasts of the water immersion group (0,1,7 days) were86.713+2.297%, 77.082+3.388%, 74.079+3.350%. The viability of fibroblasts were decreased from day 0 to day 7. The result of One Way ANOVA test showed a significant influence between immersion duration and viability of fibroblasts (p<0.05). LSD0.05showed significant differences between treatment groups except 1 and 7 days (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study: immersion duration of Polyethylene FRC has significant effect against cytotoxicity on fibroblast. Keyword: polyethylene FRC, water immersion, cytotoxicity, MTT method, fibroblas

PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOSIT POLIVINIL ALKOHOL (PVA)�HIDROKSIAPATIT BOVINE DENGAN PENGUAT CATGUT DAN GLUTARALDEHID SEBAGAI CROSSLINKER UNTUK MATERIAL FIKSASI PATAH TULANG RAHANG

The use of bone fracture fixation devices has become routine procedure by using a rigid material such as titanium. The strength and stiffness of the material are too high causes atrophy of the underlying bone. Some other disadvantages led to the need for secondary surgery to remove the device. Biodegradable bone fracture fixation material developed to overcome the disadvantages of metal fixation and avoid secondary operations. Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) increases in several biomedical applications that do not require high mechanical strength. In this study, catgut that has been used for absorbable suturing wounds has woven to act as a reinforcement. Bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) was used as filler material has a bioactive and osteoconductive materials and has a good biocompatibility. To improve the mechanical strength was also used glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker to the PVA. The aim of the study was to determine whether the catgut reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)�bovine HA composites and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker having adequate and stable mechanical strength of bone fracture fixation material and has good biocompatibility without toxicity and hypersensitivity reactions in experimental animals after biodegradation tests for 30 and 60 days. Methods of research were obtained by the tensile and bending specimen tests with any concentrations. In vitro biodegradation test was performed by immersing the specimens in PBS solution of pH 7.4 at the 37 oC for 30 and 60 days. Specimen weight, tensile and bending strength, characterization included FT-IR and SEM studies were performed before and after immersion. Finally, in vivo biocompatibility tests, including type IV contact hypersensitivity and local toxicity tests were performed. The results showed there was a slight decrease of the specimen mass weight mean in all groups due to polymer PVA dissolved. Mechanical tests showed the catgut reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)� bovine HA (60:40) weight fraction composites and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker had the highest mechanical strength mean, were 43.06±0.18 MPa in the tensile strength and 46.04±2.57 MPa in the bending strength before immersion. There were a decreased in the tensile strength and the bending strength after immersion for 60 days. The mechanical strength had still above the masticatory muscle strength which can lead to tensile and bending forces to mandibular bone fractures, about to 25 MPa. The results showed that the catgut reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)�bovine HA (60:40) weight fraction composites and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker had adequate and stable mechanical strength as the bone fracture fixation material after biodegradation test for 30 and 60 days. The FT-IR characterization study showed functional groups increases of composites. SEM study showed the morphological changes of the catgut reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)�bovine HA (60:40) weight fraction composites and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. FT-IR and SEM studies showed the biodegradation process with polymer PVA dissolved after immersion for 30 and 60 days. The biocompatibility tests showed that the material had not caused hypersensitivity and toxicity reactions in experimental animals. It can be concluded that the composites can be developed for biodegradable bone fracture fixation material as titanium substituted