Islam dan Tentangan Kemanusiaan Abad XX1

171 hlm, 21c

PENGAMBILAN PROTEIN DARI LIMBAH IKAN INDUSTRI PEMPEK DENGAN EKSTRAKSI MENGGUNAKAN ASAM ASETAT DAN PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI ASAM AMINO PROTEIN HASIL

A research on protein recovery from fish waste of pempek industry has been conducted. The purposes of this study were to determine the nutrient composition, type and composition of fatty acid, to recover protein and to determine the amino acids composition found in fish waste. The study was started by preparing some samples, through cutting, drying, milling and screening 100-200 mesh. Fat content in powder of fish waste was taken by soxhlet using petroleum ether (40-60 o C) and fatty acid composition was determined by GC-MS. Protein of fat-free sample was extracted using glacial acetic acid and protein precipitation at pH 7. Then the resulted protein was dried by freeze drying and its amino acids composition was determined by using HPLC and TLC. The results of the experiment showed the fish waste had a moisture content (7.73%), ash content (12.53%), fat content (37.96%), protein content (37.06%) and carbohydrate content (4.72%). Fatty acid composition in fat of fish waste consisted of palmitic (35.31%), stearic (13.56%), miristic (7.48%), oleic (13.53%), palmitoleic (9.15%), vacenic (4.08%), linoleic (1.17%) and eikosadienoic (1.70%). Protein recovery was 19.98% protein powder. Amino acids composition of resulted protein consisted of glycine (21.91%), glutamic acid (11.93%), arginine (9.66%), alanine (8.21%), lysine (7.64%), aspartic acid (6.67%), isoleucine (5.41%), leucine (4.12%), valine (2.85%), serine (2.33%), phenylalanine (2.11%), methionine (1.30%), tyrosine (1.18%) and histidine (0.87%). Other amino acids, asparagine and proline, were identified by using TLC. The essential amino acids in fish waste of pempek industries was containing 34% and chemical score of essential amino acids was commonly above of standard FAO/WHO and NRC Washington. The resulted protein of fish waste could be used for food fortification materials

STUDI ISOLASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI PATCHOULI ALKOHOL DARI MINYAK NILAM

Isolation and esterification of patchouli alcohol (PA) from patchouli oil has been conducted. Patchouli alcohol is the major constituent of patchouli oil. The first step of research, patchouli oil was separated into three fractions using fractional distillation under reduced pressure. Patchouli alcohol was crystallized from fraction III (containing 78.91% PA) using seeding method. Fraction III (108-116 oC) was cooled at -22 oC for 12 days. Crystal patchouli alcohol was determined its melting point (MP) and was characterized 1H-NMR. Patchouli acetate was synthesized by esterification of patchouli alcohol, acetic acid and H2SO4 catalyst at 50-52 oC for 3 h and sonication for 1, 2 and 3 h. Patchouli alcohol crystal obtained was 55.88% with >99% purity. The melting point of crystal was 52.10-55.70 oC. The 1H-NMR spectra data were � 1.94-1.77 (3H, m), 1.70-1.66 (1H, m), 1.48-1.20 (7H, m), 1.15 (1H, s, OH), 1.04 (6H, d, J 5.15 Hz), 0.81 (1H, s, tert-CH3), 0.76 (3H, d, J 7.17 Hz, sec-CH3). Patchouli acetate by esterification patchouli alcohol at 50-52 oC for 3 h is 53.58% and sonication for 1, 2 and 3 h is 17.9