Iterated Stieltjes transform of generalized functions

The generalized S2-transform of a member of f of a certain space of generalized functions is defined as F(x)=〈f(t),k(x,t;ρ)〉, wherek(x,t;ρ)=∫0∞1(x+y)ρ(y+t)ρ  dy,  ρ>12,0<x<∞  and  0<t<∞. An inversion theorem for the transform is established interpreting the oonvergene in the weak distributional sense

The Dissenting Opinion: Voice of the Future?

Madame Justice L\u27Heureux-Dubé explores the history and the role of dissenting opinions in Canadian law. She argues that dissents contribute to the development of the law through their prophetic potential. Dissents are also fundamental elements of judicial discourse, serving to safeguard the integrity of the decisionmaking process and judicial independence. The Canadian legal tradition, like its American counterpart, provides numerous examples of why, in 1951, future Chief Justice Bora Laskin praised the precious right to dissent. Unanimity is not indispensable for judicial legitimacy or legal stability. In fact, the presence of judicious dissents can portray the true complexity of legal reasoning more accurately, while offering new possibilities for the law\u27s evolution to judges, lawyers, and the public

The Dissenting Opinion: Voice of the Future?

Madame Justice L\u27Heureux-Dubé explores the history and the role of dissenting opinions in Canadian law. She argues that dissents contribute to the development of the law through their prophetic potential. Dissents are also fundamental elements of judicial discourse, serving to safeguard the integrity of the decisionmaking process and judicial independence. The Canadian legal tradition, like its American counterpart, provides numerous examples of why, in 1951, future Chief Justice Bora Laskin praised the precious right to dissent. Unanimity is not indispensable for judicial legitimacy or legal stability. In fact, the presence of judicious dissents can portray the true complexity of legal reasoning more accurately, while offering new possibilities for the law\u27s evolution to judges, lawyers, and the public

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FOREIGN TUMOR TRANSPLANTS IN THE MOUSE : II. THE RELATION BETWEEN HEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODY AND GRAFT RESISTANCE IN THE NORMAL MOUSE AND MICE PRETREATED WITH TISSUE PREPARATIONS

The relation between serum antibody and resistance to tumor homografts in the mouse has been investigated. Production of serum antibody in response to homografts of a transplantable sarcoma (Sarcoma 1) was demonstrated, by cytotoxic action on the cells of the tumor, and also by a hemagglutinin test. The simpler and more repeatable hemagglutinin test was further investigated. Peak hemagglutinin titres were reached after the immunizing homografts underwent breakdown. Following transfer of lymph node cells from immunized mice into hosts of the same strain, hemagglutinin could be detected in the host serum. The course of its production showed that this secondary antibody was not elicited by transferred antigen, nor could it be due to transfer of preformed antibody. The cells developed the capacity to transfer hemagglutinin production later than the power to transfer heightened graft resistance. Spleen cells also transferred hemagglutinin production, at a later stage after immunization and to a lesser extent than cells from the regional lymph nodes. Implantation of the sarcoma in mice pretreated with certain preparations of lyophilized or frozen tissue stimulated hemagglutinin production, although the tumor grew progressively. The regional lymph nodes participated in the response: they could transfer hemagglutinin production into secondary hosts, but not graft resistance, and indeed appeared to diminish resistance. Lymph node cells from immunized donors conferred protection against the tumor on pretreated mice. Lymph nodes from normal donors also appeared in some experiments to confer protection although the effect was obscured by the rapidity with which the growing tumor became immunologically invulnerable. The fate of lymph node cells stained with acriflavine was followed after transfer. No effect of the staining on the power of the cells to confer immunity could be detected. Cells transferred to the peritoneal cavity passed into various host tissues, but were not found in test homografts. The conclusion is drawn that the hemagglutinating antibody is distinct from the antibody effective in combating homografts. The similarity in this respect between the homograft reaction and sensitization is emphasized in discussion

Rigor and reproducibility training for first year medical students in research pathways

In the Spring of 2020, we launched a rigor and reproducibility curriculum for medical students in research training programs. This required class consisted of eight, two-hour sessions which transitioned to remote learning in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. The class was graded as Pass/Fail. Flipped classroom techniques, with multiple hands-on exercises, were developed for first year medical students (MD/PhD (n=9), Clinical and Translational Research Pathway students (n=9)). Four focus groups (n=13 students) and individual interviews with the two instructors were conducted in May 2020. From individual interviews with instructors and focus groups with medical students, the course and its components were favorably reviewed. Students thought the course was novel, important, relevant, and practical - and teaching strategies were effective (e.g., short lectures, interactive small group exercises, project). Most students expressed concerns about lack of time for course prep. Sharper focus and streamlining of prep work may be required. Pre- and post- student self-assessments of rigor and reproducibility competencies showed average post-scores ranging from high/moderate to strong understanding (n=11). We conclude that rigor and reproducibility can be taught to first year medical students in research pathways programs in a highly interactive and remote format