Preliminary Proactive Sample Size Determination for Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models

Proactive preliminary minimum sample size determination can be useful for the early planning stages of a latent variable modeling study to set a realistic scope, long before the model and population are finalized. This study examined existing methods and proposed a new method for proactive preliminary minimum sample size determination

Wood Failure Under Torsional Loading as A Function of Temperature

Cylindrical wood bars were twisted through a 360-degree rotation in a standard torsiometer in glycerine at 20, 60, 100, and 140 C temperatures. The torsional load-deformation curves were plotted for each specimen, and the strain and stress values were calculated at each temperature. The failure zones were studied by light and electron microscopic techniques.It was found that failure occurs in the radial plane of wood, mostly in the outer region of the bar, as a result of torsional shear stresses acting in the same plane. The temperature dependence of torsional strain is expressed in the form of a characteristic curve, the peak value falling at 100 C and the high rate increase occurring in the range 20-100 C

Surface Structure of Thermomechanical Pulp Fibers Studied by Electron Microscopy

Pulp samples were obtained from the Bauer pressurized refiner and from the Masonite process. The surface structure of these fibers was studied by light and electron microscopy and related to the defibering temperature.It was found that refiner pulp produced at 110 C consists mainly of individual fibers and fiber bundles. These units expose mainly cellulosic S1 microfibrillar structure with intermittent areas of S2 and display rough surface structure with numerous surface "fibrillation."The Masonite pulp produced at 254-298 C consists of about 60% fiber bundles and 40% fully separated fibers and fragments of fibers. In contrast to refiner pulp, Masonite pulp exposes smooth surface structure that consists of a continuous and intact envelope of primary wall. In addition, these fibers are coated with a thick layer of amorphous middle lamella substance over part of their surface and possess vertical ridges of middle lamella at the cell corners. The pulp is dark in color and is considerably degraded

An Analysis Of The Jurisdiction Of The International Criminal Tribunal For War Crimes In The Former Yugoslavia

It is important not to confuse criminality with jurisdiction.\u27 The term criminality is usually associated with the legislative authority to proscribe conduct

Upstairs seventh avenue new york city

turbid dreams gel and soak in rancid mental oleo staining scraps of fading blue paper napkins lying balled up between exfoliating lead-white walls..

Effect of Press-Drying Parameters on Paper Properties

This study investigates alternatives that can improve the internal bond strength (IBS) of paper by pulp refining and paper press-drying (PD). The improvement mechanisms of IBS and their impact on the strength development of high-yield pulps are discussed. All experiments were conducted using a factorial design where the factors were four pulp types (one spruce thermomechanical (TMP) and three chemi-thermomechanical (CTMP) from spruce, birch, and aspen), three refining levels, three PD temperatures and three pressures. The effects of these treatments on the physical and mechanical properties of paper were studied using an analysis of variance. Refining changed the fibre surface, thereby promoting mechanical adhesion. PD temperature softened the fibres and changed their surface chemistry, while PD pressure improved the contact area between fibres. These changes led to an important improvement in IBS which explained, to a large extent, the variations in paper properties. Compared to air-dried paper, PD paper showed much higher properties for most tested pulps at all refining levels. These results were due to the increase in bonded areas. PD at 175°C substantially improved the wet tensile strength of paper due to the flow of lignin on the fibre surface, which protects the hydrogen bonds from moisture

Lights, audience, profit: The evolution of the Las Vegas spectacle

Las Vegas is known as a post-modern city; its development in the later half of the twenty-first century is an explosion of tourism, spectacle and gambling. Especially with the transitions of the past two years and the great variety in the new shows, no one has asked the question how did Las Vegas get from the showgirl to Blue Man Group? If we are to visualize a Las Vegas in the future, it is essential that we understand the whys of and the forces that impel change in the Las Vegas entertainment industry; As there are no chronologies of the Las Vegas spectacle this paper is an effort to delineate the evolution of the spectacle as a beginning step to understanding the forces that change Las Vegas. What follows is a piecing together of myths, opinions, visual accounts, personal memories, and some documented chronologies of the development of the current shows in Las Vegas

TransFORDming China with Electric Vehicles: An International Marketing Case Study

TransFORDming China with Electric Vehicles: An International Marketing Case Study Teyana Pryor, Koran Baraka, Kaleb Bell, Jasmine Washington, Kyle King, Dylan Newman, and Bryce Lee Abstract Ford is a legendary automobile company established in the United States in 1903 by Henry Ford. Ford is a $1.35 million company worldwide with operations in 10 countries but it has experienced an annual drop of roughly eight percent in the last year (Wagner, 2020). Ford entered China’s automobile industry in 2004 when automobile sales totaled 215,60 vehicles (CEIC). In 2001, Due to the high level of pollution in the country and main cities, the electric vehicle industry in China has grown in recent years, and Ford has said that it plans to introduce 15 battery electric or plug-in gasoline-electric hybrid car models in the market by 2025 (Bradsher, 2017). Accordingly, Ford introduced their first small electric SUV named the Territory EV that is exclusive to China. With their new Ford China 2.0 blueprint, Ford intends to release 30 cars over the next three years, with ten of them being electric vehicles (Ford China 2.0). Ford has also announced their plans to bring the all-electric Mustang Mach-E to China in 2021, a release expected to rival some strong competitors (Bo, 2019). Although sales of EVs are booming in China, the market is dominated by numerous small domestic manufacturers and Ford also faces competition from multinationals like Tesla (Bo, 2019) This case study examines Ford’s market performance in China in the context of the industry and consumer preferences, in order to suggest changes to its marketing mix. Key words: Ford, China, electric vehicles, sustainability, Ford 2.0, government, automobile, United States, International Marketing, Strategy, Emerging Markets, Case Study Note: References available on reques

Internet-based Building Performance Analysis Provided as a Low-Cost Commercial Service

Internet-based monitoring services can play a very important role in reducing the energy consumed in commercial buildings. They can provide the information needed to identify improvements that should be made in the operation of particular buildings or pieces of equipment, and to justify the expenditures needed to make those improvements. This type of information has typically been very difficult to obtain from a facility manager's position. There is a need for services such as these in the marketplace, although some of the considerations that must be made in designing, marketing, and providing a cost-effective and reliable service are not always apparent to buildings researchers. This paper describes some of those considerations, and shows an example of how one service already in the market has addressed them

Principals’ Leadership Styles and Strategies Employed to Motivate Teachers in Ronaki Hawler Educational Institutions, Erbil, Iraq

Effective management is one of the determining factors that play a critical role in teacher motivation. It is also the main factor behind a successful educational institution. Moreover, effective management is necessary to motivate people into action and propel an institution to reach its established objectives. In an educational institution, where managerial structure fails to function well, teachers obviously lose their motivation to teach as well as their commitment to the organization. Therefore, administrators’ leadership styles can affect teacher motivation which will eventually affect learners’ performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the administrators’ leadership styles, their awareness of teacher motivation peculiarities and strategies they use to motivate the teaching staff at Ronaki Educational Institutions in Erbil, Iraq. It further aims to investigate what makes an effective administrator. To achieve the research goal, the study firstly uses the theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the research problem and makes use of a semi-structured interview with Ronaki Hawler Educational Institutions’ administrators. In the interview with 24 administrators, the information on organizational practices and their frequencies, employed by administrators, was obtained. It included elements such as; whether/how often advancement opportunities, promotion, autonomy, bonuses were granted to the teaching staff, what sort of responsibility they possessed, how their recognition as teachers was expressed, and how secure they felt their jobs were. The findings were analyzed and discussed in the discussion part of this research study