Humanities and Sciences as Complementary Aspects of an Afrikan=Black Whole: Evidence from Archeoastronomy

In ancient Afrika, science, technology, engineering and mathematics were not seen as separate from or at odds with what is now referred to in English as the Humanities. Focusing on archeoastronomy of  Kmt ‘land of Black people (i.e. Ancient Egypt)’, we demonstrate that the scientific principles used to build pyramids, temples, and other edifices were rooted in and fused with Afrikan systems of deep thought and spirituality. The method adopted in this study examines alignments of structures of  Kmt ‘land of Black people’ with respect to solar and celestial phenomena in an attempt to establish systematic patterns and correlations between architectural alignments and astronomical phenomena. This method is adopted to show the relationship between structures constructed and knowledge of the oneness of humanities and sciences. Therefore, in this study, we find that the dichotomization and fragmentation of knowledge and disciplines should move towards a more holistic  Kmtyw ‘Black people, people of Kmt’ perspective. &nbsp

Contribution to the kownledge of cultural heritage via a Heritage Information System (HIS): the case of “La Cultura del Agua” in Valverde de Burguillos, Badajoz (Spain)

Modern science is going through a period of important reflection on the role of different agents and multiple disciplines in the management and safeguarding of architectural heritage. This new focus generates a greater amount and diversity of information, so the implementation of a unifying tool in the framework of digital information models would mean a better knowledge of cultural heritage as well as aiding its safeguarding and protection. In addition, it must be taken into account that, for the correct management of information in its broadest dimension, this tool must make it possible to relate alphanumeric data about an item of heritage to its spatial location. In this sense, this article proposes a Heritage Information System (HIS)—understood as a digital knowledge tool—that consists of a relational database and a map manager with Geographic Information System (GIS) technology (a geodatabase). The methodology suggested here sets out the steps that make up the HIS, so that the system can be applied to other geographical elements or realities. For this reason, a study was made of “La Cultura del Agua” in Valverde de Burguillos (Spain), a heritage ensemble that consists of rural architecture and dispersed preindustrial elements, which are currently at risk. The HIS seeks to develop a more complete identification of these elements (individually and as a system) and a justified argument for their being given value and great visibility. This new approach encourages sustainable development in terms of efficiency and effectiveness for the analysis, diagnosis, and reactivation of cultural heritage, always placing importance on the balance of social participation with the territory in which the system is applied, and with global societ

Les gravures rupestres à parcellaire

RésuméLes gravures à parcellaire, appelées aussi gravures topographiques, datent des Âges du Bronze et du Fer. Interprétées depuis leur découverte comme des représentations planimétriques d'espaces agraires, elles ne sont guère étudiées en tant que telles. L'objet de cet article est de combler cette lacune. L'auteur propose une analyse de morphologie agraire portant sur plusieurs gravures de l'arc alpin. Ces pétroglyphes figurent effectivement des formes agraires et présentent des analogies troublantes avec des parcellaires protohistoriques connus des archéologues qui travaillent sur l'Europe de l'Ouest.þAbstractTopographic drawings date back to the Bronze and Iron ages. Interpreted since their discovery as planimetrical representations of farmland, they have hardly been studied as such. To make up for this shortcoming, an analysis of agrarian morphology is made using several of these cave drawings from the Alps. These petroglyphs represent farmland, and are disturbingly similar to the protohistorical plots of land familiar to archeologists who have studied western Europe.

Paysages et relations : archéologie, géographie, archéogéographie

RésuméSam Turner, Paysages et relations : archéologie, géographie, archéogéographieDans cette brève contribution l’auteur se propose d’observer comment l’archéologie des paysages a évolué ces dernières années. Ayant été lui-même sollicité pour mettre au point une méthode appelée, au Royaume-Uni, « caractérisation des paysages historiques » (Historic Landscape Characterisation : HLC), il observe que cette méthode gagnerait à s’engager plus loin dans les possibilités théoriques qu’offre l’archéogéographie. Par voie de conséquence, une nouvelle opportunité s’ouvrirait aux archéologues du paysage de replacer leur discipline au cœur des débats sur la société et l’environnement. Ce qui marque un véritable changement par rapport aux décennies précédentes.AbstractSam Turner, Landscapes and relationships: archaeology, geography, archaeogeographyIn this short article the author examines recent developments in landscape archaeology. Having been involved in developing the method known as “Historic Landscape Characterisation” (HLC) in the UK, he argues that the theoretical perspectives of archaeogeography have much to offer modern landscape archaeologies. As a consequence of such engagements, new opportunities are opening for archaeologists to put their discipline back at the heart of debates about the environment and society in the present and the future. This marks a notable change in comparison to earlier decades

La transmission de la « nature » et du « rural » dans la ville : le cas de Tours

RésuméL'étude, dans la longue durée, des modes de transmission des informations spatiales sur le site de la ville de Tours atteste l'importance du rôle des chenaux fluviaux et du parcellaire rural dans le processus dit urbain. La cohérence entre la nature, le statut et la chronologie d'objets très différents est morphologique, et il faut inventer des notions hybrides pour en rendre compte. Ainsi du concept de «corridor fluviaire» appliqué au castrum de Saint-Martin, hypothèse au centre du propos. þAbstractThe long-term study of how spatial information about the site of the city of Tours has been transmitted shows the importance of river channels and plots of land in the so-called urban process. The coherence between the nature, status and chronology of quite different objects is morphological. Hybrid concepts, such as “river corridor” as applied to the castrum of St. Martin (a central hypothesis herein), have to be devised to account for it.

Association de formes et de dynamiques dans le bassin-versant de l’Aubrière (Indre-et-Loire)

RésuméDans le contexte d’une archéogéographie émergente sont ici présentés les résultats d’une démarche exploratoire de croisement de la morphologie paysagère avec l’écologie du paysage. L’étude des éléments structurants du paysage a été réalisée sur l’actuel site de l’Aubrière sur lequel ont été testées les notions de corridor et de bassin-versant. L’articulation des approches des deux disciplines s’avère possible par l’identification d’une organisation paysagère spécifique : un réseau fluvio-végétalo-parcellaire constitué de corridors morphologiques émergents dans lesquels s’insèrent les principaux habitats biologiques. Ce réseau induit le réseau viaire et des formes parcellaires ponctuelles. La spatialisation des fonctions agricoles du site montre que ce réseau est prégnant encore aujourd’hui car il accueille prairies et exploitations laitières.AbstractGiven developments in archeogeography, the results of an exploratory approach to crossing the morphology with the ecology of landscapes are presented. This study of formgiving elements in the landscape at Aubrière tests the notions of corridor and catchment basin. Combining these two disciplines into a single approach became possible once a specific pattern in organizing the landscape was identified: a river-plant-parcel network made up of emerging morphological corridors with a place for major biological habitats. This produces a network with scattered parcels. As can be seen through the geographical distribution of farming operations, this network still has pertinence since it includes meadows and dairy farms

L'émergence de la planimétrie agraire à l'âge du fer

RésuméDans la masse des changements qui affectent l'espace géographique durant la protohistoire, l'auteur repère et met en évidence l'émergence de la planimétrie à l'Âge du Fer. En quelques siècles, parfois même en quelques décennies, les voies, les habitats et les parcellaires donnent forme à l'espace rural. L'occupation de cet espace passe de l'état de points mal reliés à celui de trames plus continues. Une typologie est suggérée: la planification n'est pas propre à la conquête romaine; elle existe aussi dans les territoires gaulois, avec des formes spécifiques. L'émergence de la planimétrie est un fait irréversible dans la longue durée: elle initie une évolution des formes agraires, qui, malgré l'importance des changements ultérieurs, ne pourra plus s'affranchir de ce qui a été installé à cette époque.þAbstractAmong the vast number of changes affecting geography during protohistory, attention is drawn to the emergence of planimetry in farming during the Iron Age. Within a few centuries, sometimes a few decades, pathways, dwellings and plots of land shaped rural space. Land occupation changed from a pattern of poorly connected points to a more interlinked web. A typology is suggested. Prior to the Roman conquest, land planning existed in specific forms in Gaul. Irreversible in the long run, planimetry set off an evolution in land forms that, despite important changes later on, could no longer break with what had been done during the Iron Age.

L’îlot du lac : entre archéogéographie et histoire des formes urbaines

RésuméAnne-Sophie Clémençon, L’îlot du lac : entre archéogéographie et histoire des formes urbainesÀ partir d’une observation fine de « l’îlot du lac », situé sur la rive gauche du Rhône à Lyon, cet article vise deux objectifs principaux. En trois cents ans, cet îlot, à l’instar de nombreux autres, est passé de l’état rural à l’état urbain. Il s’agira donc ici d’approfondir certains points de la « fabrication de la ville ordinaire ». Que se passe-t-il au sein des îlots lorsque seul le réseau viaire est rigoureusement planifié, le reste étant laissé à une urbanisation non contrôlée ? Quelles sont les conséquences de la gestion foncière sur la morphologie, en particulier autour de la question complexe de la location du sol plus courante qu’on ne le croit ? Le deuxième objectif consiste à évaluer ce que « l’histoire des formes urbaines » peut apporter à la démarche archéogéographique. L’idée, à terme, est de tester la validité des transferts de connaissance en comparant ces deux méthodes.AbstractAnne-Sophie Clémençon, The “îlot du lac”: between archaeogeography and the history of urban formsBased on a detailed examination of the “îlot du lac”, located on the left bank of the River Rhône in Lyon, this paper has two main objectives. Over the course of the past three hundred years, this originally rural island has been incorporated, like many others of its kind, into an urban landscape. The aim will be to probe deeper into various aspects of the “making of the ordinary city”. What happens on îlots when the road network is the only rigorously planned feature of urban development, while everything else is subject to uncontrolled urbanization? What is the impact of land management on land morphology, particularly in relation to the complex problem of land rent (a more common issue than is often assumed)? The second objective is to evaluate the potential contribution of “the history of urban forms” to archaeological research. Ultimately, the aim is to assess the validity of knowledge transfers by comparing the two methods

NEGOTIATING THE SACRED: UNDERSTANDING IMPACTS TO IKS AND ITEK FROM USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN TRIBAL LANDSCAPES

How we see the world and ourselves in relation to it is largely achieved by the lens we are looking through and associated experiences within this relationship. This is additionally true when considering the acknowledged fact that Indigenous Knowledges are derived from natural and cultural sources and these assist in constituting the cultural identities of those Peoples associated with these sources. Presently there is a hunger for access and use of Indigenous Knowledges (IK) as never before seen in public ways, through a national Call for collaborative means to apply these knowledges to such as the issues we globally face as a result of Climate Change. What are Indigenous Knowledges? How are they created? Who holds these and can utilize them in public ways? These questions are an embedded aspect of this Call that requires attention. Further, what impacts exist that benefit, but also challenge, the endeavor to utilize Indigenous Knowledges outside local areas where they are derived? What of these sacred ways of knowing are being negotiated to attain their use? Five areas of concern were identified in response to these questions through application of An Indigenous Research Way (AIRW), a novel continuous improvement model for implementing Indigenous Research Methodologies and Methods, within research design and practice. Synthesizing these concerns into three themes, Education, Technology, and Tribal Leader Decision-Making, awareness was revealed of these as first level and gateway impacts. Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing operationalizes Indigenous worldviews about relationality and this as central to how Indigenous Knowledges Systems (IKS) are created and in turn create Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledges (ITEK). Understanding how we “see” ourselves in relation to this process is imperative. A burgeoning method for seeing landscapes, and they as sources of IK, is through use of remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This Phase I study, through a Kin-based Case Study and mixed-methods approach, sought to understand impacts to IKS and ITEK from use of these technologies within tribal landscapes through review and assessment of 73 ESRI tribal GIS public StoryMap projects, led by tribal practitioners, accomplished in 2017 - 2021. Assessment provides there exists an assumption that identifying as being Indigenous includes being a holder of cultural knowledges and that these are utilized at will and regularly. The data troubles this assumption with respect to tribal individuals trained as practitioners of these technologies and their use of ITEK then provided through public digital media. Impacts to IKS and ITEK reveal enhancements and also replacement of the “seeing” accomplished by Indigenous People through technological means and the public perceptions of their cultural lifeways and persona of being Holders of Indigenous Knowledges. These impacts are broad in their implications as they attend to not only understandings of past and present access to ITEK but also future applications that brings the conversation into the realms of understanding being Indigenous off-earth

Archéologie(s) du Paysage et Paysage Archéologique dans la région du Danube inférieur. Histoire d'un projet, méthodologie, et sélection de quelques résultats

Landscape Archaeology(ies) and Archaelogical Landscape in the Danubes inferior region. A project history, methodology and a selection of some results. Archaeological practising has changed a lot with the new technologies and new intellectual approaches. IT tools, such as GIS, usually used by geographers may open innovative perspectives, only if archaeologists integrate their thinking in a process of "longue durée" with a special attention to the quality and nature of the information processed. The techniques should not be separated from an epistemological reflection. This is what the archeogeography provides in having an analytical and critical view of the geo-historical objects. To show the status of these issues in Romania, we replace the recent works in the history of the Romanian "national archaeological map". Then, five examples of analyzes of historical and archaeological sites around the Lower Danube Valley suggest five research topics, among others, in the fiel of « understanding the landscape systems » : role of hydraulic systems, notion of landscape stability, resilient landscape elements, landscape planning