Ograničenja pri proširivanju afiksalnih kombinacija: strukturna ograničenja i uvjeti procesiranja

The study of the mental lexicon has been fostered by the analysis of the way complex words are mentally represented and processed. This paper concerns the syntagmatic extension of multiple affixation; specifically, the processing of complex words that contain four suffixes that operate in word–formation patterns of Portuguese. Although the individual addition of suffixes obeys structural constraints, the multiple combination results in complex words with low frequency and low expectedness by the speaker, which contribute to the lack of semantic transparency and of affixal salience of the combination. Our study demonstrates a relation between these factors and the experience of the speaker with the affixal combination, which determines the pattern character of the combination. We suggest that a suffix exerts the prediction of other suffixes as long as the combination is expected. Non–frequent heterocategorial complex words with a combination of four suffixes are contrasted with non–frequent words containing pleonastic affixation. In the latter type of words, the redundancy of semantic structures increases the semantic transparency of the word, which suggests a prediction effect operating on the semantic level of the affixal combination. Processing of complex words is dependent on the level of expectedness of the speaker towards the affix combination, which constrains the level of word acceptance by speakers.Istraživanja o mentalnom leksikonu podržana su analizama o tome na koji su način složene riječi mentalno reprezentirane i procesirane. U ovome radu analizira se proširivanje višestruke afiksacije na sintagmatskoj razini; preciznije, analizira se procesiranje složenih riječi koje sadržavaju četiri sufiksa koja nalazimo u obrascima tvorbe riječi u portugalskom jeziku. Premda je pojedinačno dodavanje sufiksa u skladu sa strukturnim ograničenjima, kombinacija više sufiksa rezultira složenim riječima niske čestotnosti i niskog očekivanja kod govornika, što pridonosi smanjenoj semantičkoj transparentnosti i istaknutosti afikasa u kombinaciji. Ova analiza pokazuje povezanost između navedenih čimbenika i iskustva govornika s pojedinom afiksalnom kombinacijom, što određuje činjenica da su kombinacije građene na principu obrazaca. U radu predlažemo da jedan sufiks priziva ostale sufikse dokle god je kombinacija sufikasa očekivana. Rjeđe heterokategorijske složene riječi s kombinacijom četiriju sufiksa kontrastiraju se s rjeđim riječima koje sadržavaju pleonastičku afiksaciju. U potonjem tipu riječi redundantnost značenjskih struktura povećava značenjsku transparentnost riječi, što upućuje na predvidivost koja se odvija na značenjskoj razini afiksalne kombinacije. Procesiranje složenih riječi ovisi o razini govornikova očekivanja prema kombinaciji afikasa, što ograničava razinu prihvaćanja riječi kod govornika

A new System for offline Printed Arabic Recognition for Large Vocabulary : SPARLV

This paper presents a contribution for the Arabic printed recognition. In fact, we are interested in the printed decomposable Arabic word recognition. The proposed system uses the analytical approach through the segmentation into characters to succeed to a generation of letter hypotheses as well as word hypotheses using a lexical verification in a pre-established dictionary of the language. Our proposed system SPARLV is able to put valid hypotheses of words thanks to the lexical verification

PROCEEDING THE 2nd INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON LINGUISTICS (ISOL-2): Language and Civilization

ISOL is a biennial international seminar held by the Linguistics Graduate Program of Faculty of Humanity, Andalas University in collaboration with the Linguistic Society of Indonesia (MLI), Unand Chapter. ISOL aims to provide a discussion platform for linguists and language observers across Indonesia. Its main objective is to enhance the exchange of research and new approaches in language studies. The seminar is open to interested people from outside of Indonesia. The theme of the 2nd ISOL is Language and Civilization. Civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social development and organization. It is also defined as the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. Over time, the word civilization has come to imply something beyond the organization. It refers to a particular shared way of thinking about the world as well as a reflection on that world in art, literature, drama and a host of other cultural happenings. Language is itself a social construct – a component of social reality. Thus, like all social constructs and conventions, it can be changed. A civilization is any complex state society which is characterized by urban development, social stratification, symbolic communication forms and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment. To advance civilization is to construct a new social reality which emerges through language. In other words, social reality is the operational expression of words and the meanings of them that society has agreed upon. Language is itself a social construct – a component of social reality. Thus, like all social constructs and conventions, it can be changed