The Contribution of Academic Scholarship to Management Development.

Purpose: This paper explores the impact of academic scholarship on the development and practice of experienced managers. Design / Methodology: Semi-structured interviews with experienced managers, modelled on the critical incident technique. ‘Intertextuality’ and framework analysis technique are used to examine whether the use of academic scholarship is a sub-conscious phenomenon. Findings: Experienced managers make little direct use of academic scholarship, using it only occasionally to provide retrospective confirmation of decisions or a technique they can apply. However, academic scholarship informs their practice in an indirect way, their understanding of the ‘gist’ of scholarship comprising one of many sources which they synthesise and evaluate as part of their development process. Practical implications: Managers and management development practitioners should focus upon developing skills of synthesising the ‘gist’ of academic scholarship with other sources of data, rather than upon the detailed remembering, understanding and application of specific scholarship, and upon finding / providing the time and space for that ‘gisting’ and synthesis to take place. Originality / Value: The paper addresses contemporary concerns about the appropriateness of the material delivered on management education programmes for management development. It is original in doing this from the perspective of experienced managers, and in using intertextual analysis to reveal not only the direct but also the indirect uses of they make of such scholarship. The finding of the importance of understanding the ‘gist’ rather than the detail of academic theory represents a key conceptual innovation

From third-degree to third-generation interrogation strategies: putting science into the art of criminal interviewing

The interviewing strategies of the American law-enforcement system are more than seventy-five years old. Psychologically manipulative and guilt-presumptive, these methodologies replaced the brutal third-degree interrogation tactics of the previous century, but have recently come under scrutiny for being both ethically and operationally unsound. These findings have prompted a paradigm shift toward more ethical, effective, and scientifically validated tactics. This thesis set out to explore the advantages of integrating next-generation practices into the interview-training ethos of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR)—the internal affairs component of Immigration and Customs Enforcement. An evaluation of evidence-based interrogation practices and governmental policy analyses, along with insight from subject-matter experts, provided the data for this exploration. A series of recommendations derived from the lessons learned of the U.K. PEACE model, the practices of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, and research by the High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group offered insight for the optimal training of interviewing techniques and their long-term retention in the field. Assuming the recommendations for OPR are both scalable and replicable, this model should be relevant and valuable for the professional practices of other DHS agencies responsible for conducting interrogations as well as for law-enforcement agencies nationwide.http://archive.org/details/fromthirddegreet1094553028Senior Special Agent, Department of Homeland Security Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Office of Professional ResponsibilityApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Sensemaking as a framework for understanding how aspiring anti-racist leaders enact their learnings from a principal preparation program to disrupt the racial discipline gap

This dissertation emerges from an acknowledgement that robust research has shown that students of color receive a disproportionate number of disciplinary actions in American public schools compared to their white peers – a problem called the racial discipline gap. Few studies have studied school leaders’ sensemaking of the role of race in school disciplinary outcomes. Even fewer have considered how a specific type of leader – one known for aspiring to be anti-racist – makes sense of and frames the discipline gap and enacts the learnings from their principal preparation program to disrupt racial disparities in discipline outcomes. The perspective of the school principal has been found to be among the strongest predictor for rates of out-of-school suspension and expulsion. The findings from this study suggest that the sensemaking and problem-framing of the racial discipline gap by new school leaders is directly shaped by their identity as aspiring anti-racist leaders and the learnings from an anti-racist principal preparation program and their school contexts. The aspiring anti-racist leaders frame the problem at macro and micro levels, and enact both first and some second-order type change initiatives to interrupt factors of race from becoming patterns of race in school discipline. They demonstrate a limited approach to offering professional development to engage teachers in culturally relevant discussions and their formal data collection practices appear to be limited. This creates a blind spot for them in fully understanding the ways race intersects with discipline in their schools.Educational Administratio

Implementing a Cognitive Impairment Care Planning Toolkit to Enhance Dementia Care: A Quality Improvement Project

Background: Alzheimer’s is the most expensive disease in the United States with costs reaching $277 billion a year and affecting 5.7 million Americans. By 2050, 14 million Americans will have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). This burdensome disease not only affects the individual, but also those who are responsible for their care, making it extremely complex to manage. Purpose: To systematically integrate the Alzheimer’s Association’s Cognitive Impairment Care Planning Toolkit in an outpatient mental health clinic to enhance care by effectively addressing the needs of patients with ADRD and of their caregivers. Objectives: Increase the number of patients with ADRD and/or their caregivers screened using the validated, standardized assessment tools found within the toolkit; increase the number of patients and/or caregivers who were identified as having unmet need(s) that received appropriate follow-up referrals; increase the number of written care plans formulated from the comprehensive assessment; and increase revenue by utilizing billing CPT code 99483. Results: Conducting a person-centered comprehensive assessment and care plan was beneficial in enhancing care by addressing the complex needs of this population. It helped identify needs such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, patient and caregiver depression, functional and environmental safety concerns, and caregiver stress. It also improved documentation for care planning, and increased revenue collection. Implications for practice: This toolkit allowed for holistic management of patient outcomes. Clinicians were able to customize treatment plans to tailor individual patient needs from to the multi-component assessments

How Do Voters Remember Flip-Flopping? Memorial and Social Consequences of Change Recollection

This dissertation presents 3 experiments that explore how people notice and remember a politician’s change in position. Subjects read position statements made by politicians at two different debates; sometimes the politicians were consistent across debates, sometimes they changed positions, and sometimes they only addressed an issue at Debate 2. Subjects recalled the positions from Debate 2 and reported whether they thought the politician had changed positions on that issue. The results showed that changing positions made it more difficult for people to remember a politician’s most recent position; however, recollecting that a change occurred eliminated that memory deficit. Experiment 1 explored how a voter’s political orientation influenced their ability to remember a politician’s position and whether recollecting change affected voter attitudes towards a politician. Experiment 2 showed that misleading information in the guise of a news report can affect later change recollection, but only if subjects are unable to verify the accuracy of the report. Finally, Experiment 3 showed that politicians can use specific language to make people believe a change occurred when there was actually none. The results of the experiments are discussed in relation to the recursive remindings framework, the misinformation paradigm, and the relationship between memory and attitudes

An evaluation of vibration and other effects on the accuracy of grip and push force recall

Operators of vibratory hand tools can be at risk of developing health problems associated with repeated forceful actions and exposure to intense hand-transmitted vibration. To better assess health risks, comprehensive risk evaluations of these tasks must include quantitative assessments of hand-tool coupling forces. Researchers have used instrumentation for such measurements; but those techniques may be ill-suited for certain field environments. Psychophysical force-recall techniques have been proposed as alternatives to handle instrumentation. This study comprised two experiments that examined the effects of vibration and other factors upon force-recall accuracy and reliability. In each experiment, participants applied specific grip and push forces to an instrumented handle mounted on a shaker system. Participants were exposed to sinusoidal vibration at frequencies that ranged from 0 Hz to 250 Hz. Three levels of applied force and two levels of vibration magnitude were examined. During the vibration exposure period, participants were provided with visual feedback while they attempted to memorize their applied grip and push forces. Following vibration exposure and a rest period, participants tried to duplicate the hand forces without visual feedback. Vibration frequencies, magnitudes, and hand force levels were randomized from trial to trial. To evaluate test-retest reliability, the test was repeated on a later day with each participant. Participants overestimated grip and push forces. Depending on exposure conditions, error means ranged from 2 N to 10 N. The ANOVA revealed that force-recall errors for exposures between 31.5 Hz and 63 Hz were significantly higher than those at other vibration frequencies. Errors were greater when participants were exposed to the higher vibration magnitude when compared with the lower vibration magnitude. The average error for females was significantly less than that for males. The effects of force level were mixed. This method demonstrated strong test-retest reliability as correlations for all but one participant were found to be significant. Overall, recalled force errors were relatively small over the range of operationally-relevant hand-handle coupling forces and vibration exposure conditions. This force-recall technique shows promise as an alternative to expensive and fragile force-sensing instrumentation

The Bermuda Triangle : the pragmatics, policies, and principles for data sharing in the history of the Human Genome Project

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of the History of Biology 51 (2018): 693–805, doi:10.1007/s10739-018-9538-7.The Bermuda Principles for DNA sequence data sharing are an enduring legacy of the Human Genome Project (HGP). They were adopted by the HGP at a strategy meeting in Bermuda in February of 1996 and implemented in formal policies by early 1998, mandating daily release of HGP-funded DNA sequences into the public domain. The idea of daily sharing, we argue, emanated directly from strategies for large, goal-directed molecular biology projects first tested within the “community” of C. elegans researchers, and were introduced and defended for the HGP by the nematode biologists John Sulston and Robert Waterston. In the C. elegans community, and subsequently in the HGP, daily sharing served the pragmatic goals of quality control and project coordination. Yet in the HGP human genome, we also argue, the Bermuda Principles addressed concerns about gene patents impeding scientific advancement, and were aspirational and flexible in implementation and justification. They endured as an archetype for how rapid data sharing could be realized and rationalized, and permitted adaptation to the needs of various scientific communities. Yet in addition to the support of Sulston and Waterston, their adoption also depended on the clout of administrators at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the UK nonprofit charity the Wellcome Trust, which together funded 90% of the HGP human sequencing effort. The other nations wishing to remain in the HGP consortium had to accommodate to the Bermuda Principles, requiring exceptions from incompatible existing or pending data access policies for publicly funded research in Germany, Japan, and France. We begin this story in 1963, with the biologist Sydney Brenner’s proposal for a nematode research program at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge. We continue through 2003, with the completion of the HGP human reference genome, and conclude with observations about policy and the historiography of molecular biology