Stackelberg Game for Distributed Time Scheduling in RF-Powered Backscatter Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, we study the transmission strategy adaptation problem in an RF-powered cognitive radio network, in which hybrid secondary users are able to switch between the harvest-then-transmit mode and the ambient backscatter mode for their communication with the secondary gateway. In the network, a monetary incentive is introduced for managing the interference caused by the secondary transmission with imperfect channel sensing. The sensing-pricing-transmitting process of the secondary gateway and the transmitters is modeled as a single-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game. Furthermore, the follower sub-game among the secondary transmitters is modeled as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem with shared constraints. Based on our theoretical discoveries regarding the properties of equilibria in the follower sub-game and the Stackelberg game, we propose a distributed, iterative strategy searching scheme that guarantees the convergence to the Stackelberg equilibrium. The numerical simulations show that the proposed hybrid transmission scheme always outperforms the schemes with fixed transmission modes. Furthermore, the simulations reveal that the adopted hybrid scheme is able to achieve a higher throughput than the sum of the throughput obtained from the schemes with fixed transmission modes

A critical analysis of research potential, challenges and future directives in industrial wireless sensor networks

In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have emerged as an important research theme with applications spanning a wide range of industries including automation, monitoring, process control, feedback systems and automotive. Wide scope of IWSNs applications ranging from small production units, large oil and gas industries to nuclear fission control, enables a fast-paced research in this field. Though IWSNs offer advantages of low cost, flexibility, scalability, self-healing, easy deployment and reformation, yet they pose certain limitations on available potential and introduce challenges on multiple fronts due to their susceptibility to highly complex and uncertain industrial environments. In this paper a detailed discussion on design objectives, challenges and solutions, for IWSNs, are presented. A careful evaluation of industrial systems, deadlines and possible hazards in industrial atmosphere are discussed. The paper also presents a thorough review of the existing standards and industrial protocols and gives a critical evaluation of potential of these standards and protocols along with a detailed discussion on available hardware platforms, specific industrial energy harvesting techniques and their capabilities. The paper lists main service providers for IWSNs solutions and gives insight of future trends and research gaps in the field of IWSNs

Optimal Online Transmission Policy for Energy-Constrained Wireless-Powered Communication Networks

This work considers the design of online transmission policy in a wireless-powered communication system with a given energy budget. The system design objective is to maximize the long-term throughput of the system exploiting the energy storage capability at the wireless-powered node. We formulate the design problem as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) problem and obtain the optimal policy of transmit power and time allocation in each fading block via the Lagrangian approach. To investigate the system performance in different scenarios, numerical simulations are conducted with various system parameters. Our simulation results show that the optimal policy significantly outperforms a myopic policy which only maximizes the throughput in the current fading block. Moreover, the optimal allocation of transmit power and time is shown to be insensitive to the change of modulation and coding schemes, which facilitates its practical implementation.Comment: 7 pages, accepted by ICC 2019. An extended version of this paper is accepted by IEEE TW

MAC protocols with wake-up radio for wireless sensor networks: A review

The use of a low-power wake-up radio in wireless sensor networks is considered in this paper, where relevant medium access control solutions are studied. A variety of asynchronous wake-up MAC protocols have been proposed in the literature, which take advantage of integrating a second radio to the main one for waking it up. However, a complete and a comprehensive survey particularly on these protocols is missing in the literature. This paper aims at filling this gap, proposing a relevant taxonomy, and providing deep analysis and discussions. From both perspectives of energy efficiency and latency reduction, as well as their operation principles, state-of-the-art wake-up MAC protocols are grouped into three main categories: (1) duty cycled wake-up MAC protocols; (2) non-cycled wake-up protocols; and (3) path reservation wake-up protocols. The first category includes two subcategories: (1) static wake-up protocols versus (2) traffic adaptive wake-up protocols. Non-cycled wake-up MAC protocols are again divided into two classes: (1) always-on wake-up protocol and (2) radio-triggered wake-up protocols. The latter is in turn split into two subclasses: (1) passive wake-up MAC protocols versus (2) ultra low power active wake-up MAC protocols. Two schemes could be identified for the last category, (1) broadcast based wake-up versus (2) addressing based wake-up. All these classes are discussed and analyzed in this paper, and canonical protocols are investigated following the proposed taxonomy