The Public's health and the law in the 21st century: second annual partnership conference on public health law

Introduction / Benjamin J. Moulton -- Preface / Sherry Everett Jones -- Conference Welcoming Remarks / Ed Thompson -- -- PLENARY SESSIONS -- From Smallpox to SARS: Is the Past Prologue? / John J. Hamre, James G. Young, and Mark Shurtleff -- From Public Health to Population Health: How Law Can Redefine the Playing Field / Daniel M. Fox, Mary Kramer, and Marion Standish -- Public Health Law: The Values of Global Collaboration / Myongsei Sohn -- Are We Prepared for Tomorrow's Health Challenges? / Angela Z. Monson, George E. Hardy, Jr., and Ed Thompson -- -- PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS -- Workshop on Smallpox Legal Preparedness: What Have We Learned? / Gene W. Matthews, Anne M. Murphy, Wilfredo Lopez, and Walter A. Orenstein -- Symposium on Public Health Law Surveillance: The Nexus of Information Technology and Public Health Law / Angela McGowan, Michael Schooley, Helen Narvasa, Jocelyn Rankin, and Daniel M. Sosin -- -- CONCURRENT SESSIONS -- -- PUBLIC HEALTH LAW ON THE FRONT BURNER -- Legal Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies: TOPOFF 2 and Other Lessons / John A. Heaton, Anne M. Murphy, Susan Allan, and Harald -- Public Health Preparedness and the Law in Communities of Color / Vernellia R. Randall, Glen Safford, and Walter W. Williams -- Approaches to Implementing the Olmstead ADA (Americans With Disabilities Act) Ruling / Shelley R. Jackson, Gayle Hafner, Daniel O'Brien, and Georges Benjamin -- The Challenge of For-Profit Health Care Conversions / Marion R. Fremont-Smith, Mark Urban, and Sandy Praeger -- The Role of Law in Health Services Delivery: Diabetes and State-Mandated Benefits / DeKeely Hartsfiled and Frank Vinicor -- -- BUILDING PUBLIC HEALTH LAW PARTNERSHIPS -- New Pressures/New Partnerships: Public Health and Law Enforcement / Cliff Karchmer, Pam Tully, Leah Devlin, Frank Whitney, and Michael Sage -- When Public Health Meets the Judiciary / Michael J. Murphy, Anne M. Murphy, Maureen E. Conner, and Linda Chezem -- Health Care and Public Health Lawyers: Reclaiming the Historical Role / Maureen Mudron, Cynthia Honssinger, Rod G. Meadows, and Lori Spencer -- Should Your State Have a Public Health Law Center? / Jill Moore, Marice Ashe, Patricia Gray, and Doug Blanke -- -- FROM SCIENCE TO LAW TO IMPACT -- New Directions in Health Insurance Design: Implications for Public Policy and Practice / Karen Pollitz, Donna Imhoff, Charles Scott, and Sara Rosenbaum -- Quarantine in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases / Jane Speakman, Fernando Gonza\u301lez-Marti\u301n, and Tony Perez -- Using Science-Based Guidelines to Shape Public Health Law / Stephanie Zaza, John Clymer, Linda Upmeyer, and Stephen B. Thacker -- Applying the Regulatory Powers of Public Health / Angela Z. Monson, Jake Pauls, and Michelle Leverett -- The HIPAA Privacy Rule: Reviewing the Post-Compliance Impact on Public Health Practice and Research / Lora Kutkat, James G. Hodge, Jr., Thomas Jeffry, Jr., and Diana M. Bonta\u301 -- -- USING "OTHER" LAWS FOR BETTER PUBLIC HEALTH -- School-Based Policies: Nutrition and Physical Activity / Dexter Louie, Eduardo J. Sanchez, Sean Faircloth, and William A. Dietz, Jr. -- The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Public Health Law / Suzi Ruhl, Mari Stephens, and Paul Locke -- Land Use and Zoning for the Public's Health / Bruce Bragg, Thomas Galloway, Doug B. Spohn, and Donne E. Trotter -- Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? Assuring a Legally Prepared Workforce / Mary Anne Viverette, Jennifer Leaning, Susan K. Steeg, Kristine M. Gebbie, and Maureen Litchveld -- -- CROSS CUTTING ISSUES -- Preemption in Public Health: The Dynamics of Clean Indoor Air Laws / Elva Yan\u303ez, Gary Cox, Mike Cooney, and Robert Eadie -- New Developments in Public Health Case Law / Karen Smith Thiel -- Using the Turning Point Model State Public Health Law / Lawrence O. Gostin, Glen Safford, and Deborah Erickson -- Workshop on Public Health Law and Ethics I & II: The Challenge of Public/Private Partnerships (PPPs) / Michael R. Reich, Jody Henry Hershey, George E. Hardy, Jr.,James F. Childress, and Ruth Gaare Bernheim -- -- FULL PAPERS ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION -- New Directions for Health Insurance Design: Implications for Public Policy and Practice / Sara Rosenbaum -- Public Health Ethics: The Voices of Practitioners / Ruth Gaare Bernheim -- -- APPENDICES -- Appendix A: Conference Planning Committee -- Appendix B: Collaborating Conference Organizations and Centers for -- Disease Control and Prevention Programs"Special supplement to Volume. 31:4 (Winter 2003), the Journal of law, medicine & ethics ." - coverConference convened in Atlanta, Georgia, by the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics in partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Department of Health and Human Services on June 16-18, 2003

Going out: an embodied and emplaced practice of citizenship for people living with dementia

The current estimate of people living with a diagnosis of dementia in the UK is 850,000 with over two-thirds living in the community. Supporting people to age in place is vital as formal care services will struggle to meet the needs of projected increasing numbers of people with dementia. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how people living with dementia engage in their community. While being outdoors is an important part of living well and engaging with the community, people with dementia face increased risks when ‘going out’ compared to people without dementia. One of these is the increased risk of getting lost and/or being reported missing to police. Complex cases of people with dementia reported as missing have a high mortality rate, place a high burden on police resources and can result in immense stress for the individual and their family. Research on dementiarelated missing incidents has explored newspaper reports, police records or conducted proxy tests. Whilst there is research on the lived experience of missing adults, people living with dementia have been excluded from these studies. Research to date related to lived experiences of people with dementia who live at home has focused on how they feel part of a local community or neighbourhood. Therefore, this research aimed to bridge the gaps across these two areas of research by examining the everyday practice of ‘going out’ for people with dementia and their care partners who live at home. It also aimed to consider how they can be better supported to maintain the everyday practice of ‘going out’. This constructivist inquiry employed repeat walk-alongs, interviews and group discussions with 19 people with dementia and 19 care partners across Scotland. In this thesis, I present the data under four broad themes relating to participants’ experiences of ‘going out’: making adaptive decisions to maintain independence and control; relational agency; feeling part of a place; and challenges and coping strategies. In addition, I used thick descriptions to provide in-depth accounts of the walk-alongs with seven participants, highlighting how ‘going out’ is an embodied and emplaced practice for people with dementia. Drawing on these findings, I developed the 3 P’s (practices, people and places) as a heuristic tool for understanding people’s motives and strategies for ‘going out’. The 3 P’s puts the person with dementia at the heart of decision-making in the context of ‘going out’. It considers the heterogeneity of experiences of dementia and can be used to inform prevention and response strategies in dementia-related missing incidents. Empirically, this thesis contributes novel insights to the experience of ‘going out’ for people living with dementia, understood through practices, people and places. Therefore, I suggest a shift away from the categorisation and management of missing incidents for people living with dementia. Instead, when preventing and responding to missing incidents, we need to shift the focus away from their dementia specifically and onto the broader person through the practices, people and places they engage with. The 3 P’s can be used for future prevention and response strategies for people with dementia who are at risk of going missing. Theoretically and methodologically, this inquiry brings a social citizenship lens to the predominantly biomedical field of dementia and missing research. It also furthers the citizenship-in-and-aspractice approach in dementia studies through the application of an embodiment and emplacement lens to the practice of ‘going out’

Feature binding of MPEG-7 Visual Descriptors Using Chaotic Series

Due to advanced segmentation and tracking algorithms, a video can be divided into numerous objects. Segmentation and tracking algorithms output different low-level object features, resulting in a high-dimensional feature vector per object. The challenge is to generate feature vector of objects which can be mapped to human understandable description, such as object labels, e.g., person, car. MPEG-7 provides visual descriptors to describe video contents. However, generally the MPEG-7 visual descriptors are highly redundant, and the feature coefficients in these descriptors need to be pre-processed for domain specific application. Ideal case would be if MPEG-7 visual descriptor based feature vector, can be processed similar to some functional simulations of human brain activity. There has been a established link between the analysis of temporal human brain oscillatory signals and chaotic dynamics from the electroencephalography (EEG) of the brain neurons. Neural signals in limited brain activities are found to be behaviorally relevant (previously appeared to be noise) and can be simulated using chaotic series. Chaotic series is referred to as either a finite-difference or an ordinary differential equation, which presents non-random, irregular fluctuations of parameter values over time in a dynamical system. The dynamics in a chaotic series can be high - or low -dimensional, and the dimensionality can be deduced from the topological dimension of the attractor of the chaotic series. An attractor is manifested by the tendency of a non-linear finite difference equation or an ordinary differential equation, under various but delimited conditions, to go to a reproducible active state, and stay there. We propose a feature binding method, using chaotic series, to generate a new feature vector, C-MP7 , to describe video objects. The proposed method considers MPEG-7 visual descriptor coefficients as dynamical systems. Dynamical systems are excited (similar to neuronal excitation) with either high- or low-dimensional chaotic series, and then histogram-based clustering is applied on the simulated chaotic series coefficients to generate C-MP7 . The proposed feature binding offers better feature vector with high-dimensional chaotic series simulation than with low-dimensional chaotic series, over MPEG-7 visual descriptor based feature vector. Diverse video objects are grouped in four generic classes (e.g., has [barbelow]person, has [barbelow]group [barbelow]of [barbelow]persons, has [barbelow]vehicle, and has [barbelow]unknown ) to observe how well C-MP7 describes different video objects compared to MPEG-7 feature vector. In C-MP7 , with high dimensional chaotic series simulation, 1). descriptor coefficients are reduced dynamically up to 37.05% compared to 10% in MPEG-7 , 2) higher variance is achieved than MPEG-7 , 3) multi-class discriminant analysis of C-MP7 with Fisher-criteria shows increased binary class separation for clustered video objects than that of MPEG-7 , and 4) C-MP7 , specifically provides good clustering of video objects for has [barbelow]vehicle class against other classes. To test C-MP7 in an application, we deploy a combination of multiple binary classifiers for video object classification. Related work on video object classification use non-MPEG-7 features. We specifically observe classification of challenging surveillance video objects, e.g., incomplete objects, partial occlusion, background over lapping, scale and resolution variant objects, indoor / outdoor lighting variations. C-MP7 is used to train different classes of video objects. Object classification accuracy is verified with both low-dimensional and high-dimensional chaotic series based feature binding for C-MP7 . Testing of diverse video objects with high-dimensional chaotic series simulation shows, 1) classification accuracy significantly improves on average, 83% compared to the 62% with MPEG-7 , 2) excellent clustering of vehicle objects leads to above 99% accuracy for only vehicles against all other objects, and 3) with diverse video objects, including objects from poor segmentation. C-MP7 is more robust as a feature vector in classification than MPEG-7 . Initial results on sub-group classification for male and female video objects in has [barbelow]person class are also presentated as subjective observations. Earlier, chaos series properties have been used in video processing applications for compression and digital watermarking. To our best knowledge, this work is the first to use chaotic series for video object description and apply it for object classificatio

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

Urban Informatics

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity

The COVID-19 Clinician Cohort (CoCCo) Study: Empirically Grounded Recommendations for Forward-Facing Psychological Care of Frontline Doctors

In this book, we focus on health and wellbeing in the workforce within the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and the post-pandemic era. We begin by exploring the impacts of the pandemic on diverse occupational groups, considering the broader mental health impacts of the pandemic, reactions to national lockdowns and behavioural strategies to control the spread of the virus, such as social distancing and self-isolation, attitudes towards infection control and work presenteeism. Next, we explore the relationship between job factors, working conditions and psychological wellbeing of employees. The papers that follow examine changes in work patterns and locations, such as remote, hybrid, and on-site working, the impact of organizational climate on mental wellbeing, and organizational approaches to return-to-work after lockdown. Finally, we present innovative organizational- and individual-level pandemic mitigation interventions, including SARS-CoV-2 testing services and infection control approaches, digital mental health support, and COVID-19 Vaccine Education. This collection demonstrates the breadth of research on work, health and wellbeing, during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, covering workforce impacts and workforce interventions in various countries and settings. Learning from this research will help to build global preparedness for future pandemics and foster resilience for responding in times of crisis and uncertainty

Learning Within Socio-Political Landscapes: (Re)imagining Children’s Geographies

Over a century ago, Lucy Sprague Mitchell, one of Bank Street College’s founders, put into practice a vision of teaching and learning enmeshed in the physical, social, and political city spaces of young peoples’ daily lives. Central to her work was reimagining geography, grounding the discipline in the here and now of children’s neighborhoods, connecting with community members and city spaces as a means to explore complex relationships within the wider world. Mitchell considered working across different modes of engagement as an integral practice for children to learn about their worlds and their roles within it: physical movement, like walking and subway riding, and the construction of maps with varying scales, materials, and symbols (Mitchell, 1991). Mitchell also envisioned movement and mapping as essential for teachers’ learning, leading multi-day Long Trips along the eastern seaboard to make visible educators’ connections to contemporary social, political, and environmental realities, and connecting city and rural locales. Temporally, these practices and tools acted as playful intermediaries between visible and invisible interrelationships constituting children’s and adult’s lives and livelihoods