47,490 research outputs found
Geoweb 2.0 for Participatory Urban Design: Affordances and Critical Success Factors
In this paper, we discuss the affordances of open-source Geoweb 2.0 platforms
to support the participatory design of urban projects in real-world
practices.We first introduce the two open-source platforms used in our study
for testing purposes. Then, based on evidence from five different field studies
we identify five affordances of these platforms: conversations on alternative
urban projects, citizen consultation, design empowerment, design studio
learning and design research. We elaborate on these in detail and identify a
key set of success factors for the facilitation of better practices in the
future
Metadata enrichment for digital heritage: users as co-creators
This paper espouses the concept of metadata enrichment through an expert and user-focused approach to metadata creation and management. To this end, it is argued the Web 2.0 paradigm enables users to be proactive metadata creators. As Shirky (2008, p.47) argues Web 2.0âs social tools enable âaction by loosely structured groups, operating without managerial direction and outside the profit motiveâ. Lagoze (2010, p. 37) advises, âthe participatory nature of Web 2.0 should not be dismissed as just a popular phenomenon [or fad]â. Carletti (2016) proposes a participatory digital cultural heritage approach where Web 2.0 approaches such as crowdsourcing can be sued to enrich digital cultural objects. It is argued that âheritage crowdsourcing, community-centred projects or other forms of public participationâ. On the other hand, the new collaborative approaches of Web 2.0 neither negate nor replace contemporary standards-based metadata approaches. Hence, this paper proposes a mixed metadata approach where user created metadata augments expert-created metadata and vice versa. The metadata creation process no longer remains to be the sole prerogative of the metadata expert. The Web 2.0 collaborative environment would now allow users to participate in both adding and re-using metadata. The case of expert-created (standards-based, top-down) and user-generated metadata (socially-constructed, bottom-up) approach to metadata are complementary rather than mutually-exclusive. The two approaches are often mistakenly considered as dichotomies, albeit incorrectly (Gruber, 2007; Wright, 2007) .
This paper espouses the importance of enriching digital information objects with descriptions pertaining the about-ness of information objects. Such richness and diversity of description, it is argued, could chiefly be achieved by involving users in the metadata creation process. This paper presents the importance of the paradigm of metadata enriching and metadata filtering for the cultural heritage domain. Metadata enriching states that a priori metadata that is instantiated and granularly structured by metadata experts is continually enriched through socially-constructed (post-hoc) metadata, whereby users are pro-actively engaged in co-creating metadata. The principle also states that metadata that is enriched is also contextually and semantically linked and openly accessible. In addition, metadata filtering states that metadata resulting from implementing the principle of enriching should be displayed for users in line with their needs and convenience. In both enriching and filtering, users should be considered as prosumers, resulting in what is called collective metadata intelligence
The social web and archaeology's restructuring: impact, exploitation, disciplinary change
From blogs to crowdfunding, YouTube to LinkedIn, online photo-sharing sites to open-source community-based software projects, the social web has been a meaningful player in the development of archaeological practice for two decades now. Yet despite its myriad applications, it is still often appreciated as little more than a tool for communication, rather than a paradigm-shifting system that also shapes the questions we ask in our research, the nature and spread of our data, and the state of skill and expertise in the profession. We see this failure to critically engage with its dimensions as one of the most profound challenges confronting archaeology today. The social web is bound up in relations of power, control, freedom, labour and exploitation, with consequences that portend real instability for the cultural sector and for social welfare overall. Only a handful of archaeologists, however, are seriously debating these matters, which suggests the discipline is setting itself up to be swept away by our unreflective investment in the cognitive capitalist enterprise that marks much current web-based work. Here we review the state of play of the archaeological social web, and reflect on various conscientious activities aimed both at challenging practitionersâ current online interactions, and at otherwise situating the discipline as a more informed innovator with the social webâs possibilities
Wikipedia and the politics of mass collaboration
Working together to produce socio-technological objects, based on emergent platforms
of economic production, is of great importance in the task of political transformation and the
creation of new subjectivities. Increasingly, âcollaborationâ has become a veritable buzzword
used to describe the human associations that create such new media objects. In the language
of âWeb 2.0â, âparticipatory cultureâ, âuser-generated contentâ, âpeer productionâ and
the âproduserâ, first and foremost we are all collaborators. In this paper I investigate recent
literature that stresses the collaborative nature of Web 2.0, and in particular, works that
address the nascent processes of peer production. I contend that this material positions such
projects as what Chantal Mouffe has described as the âpost-politicalâ; a fictitious space far
divorced from the clamour of the everyday. I analyse one Wikipedia entry to demonstrate the
distance between this post-political discourse of collaboration and the realities it describes,
and finish by arguing for a more politicised notion of collaboration
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A pedagogy of abundance
The digitisation of content combined with a global network for delivery and an open system for sharing has seen radical changes in many industries. The economic model which has underpinned many content based industries has been based on an assumption of scarcity. With a digital, open, networked approach we are witnessing a shift to abundance of content, and subsequently new economic models are being developed which have this as an assumption. In this article the role of scarcity in developing higher education practice and pedagogy is explored. The shift to abundant content has as profound implications for education as it has for content industries. The possible contenders for a âpedagogy of abundanceâ are examined and the necessary requirements for such a pedagogy outlined
Minds Online: The Interface between Web Science, Cognitive Science, and the Philosophy of Mind
Alongside existing research into the social, political and economic impacts of the Web, there is a need to study the Web from a cognitive and epistemic perspective. This is particularly so as new and emerging technologies alter the nature of our interactive engagements with the Web, transforming the extent to which our thoughts and actions are shaped by the online environment. Situated and ecological approaches to cognition are relevant to understanding the cognitive significance of the Web because of the emphasis they place on forces and factors that reside at the level of agentâworld interactions. In particular, by adopting a situated or ecological approach to cognition, we are able to assess the significance of the Web from the perspective of research into embodied, extended, embedded, social and collective cognition. The results of this analysis help to reshape the interdisciplinary configuration of Web Science, expanding its theoretical and empirical remit to include the disciplines of both cognitive science and the philosophy of mind
#Socialtagging: Defining its Role in the Academic Library
The information environment is rapidly changing, affecting the ways in which information is organized and accessed. User needs and expectations have also changed due to the overwhelming influence of Web 2.0 tools. Conventional information systems no longer support evolving user needs. Based on current research, we explore a method that integrates the structure of controlled languages with the flexibility and adaptability of social tagging. This article discusses the current research and usage of social tagging and Web 2.0 applications within the academic library. Types of tags, the semiotics of tagging and its influence on indexing are covered
Crowdsourcing as a way to access external knowledge for innovation
This paper focuses on âcrowdsourcingâ as a significant trend in the new paradigm of open innovation (Chesbrough 2006; Chesbrough & Appleyard 2007). Crowdsourcing conveys the idea of opening the R&D processes to âthe crowdâ through a web 2.0 infrastructure. Based on two cases studies of crowdsourcing webstartups (Wilogo and CrowdSpirit), the paper aims to build a framework to characterize and interpret the tension between value creation by a community and value capture by a private economic actor. Contributing to the discussions on âhybrid organizational formsâ in organizational studies (Bruce & Jordan 2007), the analysis examines how theses new models combine various forms of relationships and exchanges (market or non market). It describes how crowdsourcing conveys new patterns of control, incentives and co-ordination mechanisms.communautĂ© ; crowdsourcing ; innovation ; formes organisationnelles hybrides ; plateforme ; web 2.0
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