UTHM water quality classification based on sub index

River or stream at their source is unpolluted, but as water flow downstream, the river or lake is receiving point and non-point pollutant source. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3- N) and suspended solids (SS) strongly influences the dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in the water. Studies on monitoring this parameter were conducted for a river or lake but limited to the small man-made lake. This study is initiate to determine the changes in water quality of UTHM watershed as the water flows from upstream to downstream. The monitoring of NH3-N and TSS were monitored at two sampling schemes, 1) at the two-week interval and, 2) at a daily basis followed by the determination of the water quality sub-index particularly SIAN and SISS. The results showed that the two lakes in UTHM watershed were classified as polluted. In conclusion, the remedial action should be implemented to improve the water quality to meet the requirements at least to meet the recreational purpose

Application of Water Quality Index for Assessment Water Quality in Some Bottled Water Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Water quality index was applied to assessment water quality of six different types of bottled water that's available in Erbil city (Life, Shireen, Kani, Al-Hayat, Rawan, and Masafi) for drinking purposes, depending on the physicochemical parameters of water (Turbidity, EC, TDS, pH, Alkalinity, Hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, and No3-2). The water quality index showed that the Life, Rawan, and Masafi are excellent; also Shireen, Kani, and Al-Hayat are good for drinking purposes depending on the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The results indicate the bottled water quality generally changed from years 2009 to 2012, some of the bottles have changed to the better and improved their quality, and another's changed to the worse side and declined their quality. WQI is also suggested as a very helpful tool that enables the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of different bottled waters

Linking BMPs to Receiving Water Impact Mitigation in Austin, TX

This report mentions how the water quality of upstream Waller Creek can affect downstream sites.Changes to receiving water bodies following Best Management Practices project (BMP) implementation were evaluated using the Environmental Integrity Index (EII). Data from five wet ponds and one channel restoration project were used. Changes in the six EII sub-indices (water quality, sediment quality, contact recreation, non-contact recreation, habitat quality and aquatic life support) were generally positive except for habitat quality, which declined initially but tended to recover. Water quality through wet pond sites improved by an average of 7%, and the channel erosion site improved water by 18%. Additional data collection is needed to strengthen conclusions.Waller Creek Working Grou

A New Index of Environmental Quality

An optimal weighting scheme is proposed to construct a new index of environmental quality for different countries using an approach that relies on consistent tests for stochastic dominance efficiency. The test statistics and the estimators are computed using mixed integer programming methods. The variables that are considered include countries’ greenhouse emissions, water pollution and forest benefits, as from the dataset of the World Bank. First, the stochastic efficient weighting for each set of variables is calculated to build three sub-indices (for greenhouse emissions, water pollution and land without forests) and then an overall risk index of environmental quality is constructed. One main result is that land without forest contributes the most (with around 70%), greenhouse emissions contribute with around 20% and water pollution contributes less (with around 10%). Finally, countries are ranked according to their index of environmental quality and their rankings are compared with those of the Kyoto Protocol.Environmental Quality; Emissions; Water Pollution; Nonparametric Stochastic Dominance, Mixed Integer Programming

Assessment of surface water quality using Malaysia Water Quality Index (MWQI) and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) during road construction activities

The study of this project was basically on the assessment of surface water quality by using Malaysian Water Quality Index (MWQI) and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) during road construction activities. The site area selected for this study was located at Kampung Rahmat, Batu Pahat, Johor where a new road to cross the Sri Gading Estate was constructed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of road construction activities on the quality of water bodies. In addition, the determination of water quality index based on six parameters used were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammoniacal nitrogen, pH, and total suspended solids (TSS) at site construction of a new road for Kampung Rahmat is underway. The data used was secondary data collected from previous study to determine the water quality index based on Malaysian Water Quality Index (MWQI) and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI). High values of water quality index indicated that surface water in that road construction area was less polluted. The importance of this study was to determine the level of surface water quality due to road construction activities. It was very important to assess the quality of water in a place to maintain its cleanliness because water serves as a basic need for living organisms. Based on the calculation of water quality index values by using MWQI and NSFWQI, it showed that the highest value of water quality index recorded compared to other parameters was total suspended solids (TSS) which was 186 mg/L while the lowest value of water quality index recorded was 0.1 mg/L in December by ammoniacal nitrogen. Thus, the comparison of results made between MWQI and NSFWQI showed that MWQI was more effective and accurate to assess the water quality index compared to NSFWQI

Model Indeks Kualitas Perairan Pada Kolam Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang (Studi Kasus Pada PLTU PT. Indonesia Power)

The industrial waste water by PLTU PT. Indonesia Power into shore, making the quality of territorial waters in Tanjung Emas Semarang bay area decreased. The alteration of territorial waters quality can be shown in the number form by quality of territorial water quality index method. The PLTU’s waste water has temperature characteristic 370 C above standard. Based value for sea waters according to resolution of Minister of Environmental No. 51/2004 about standard based value sea waters span controlled temperature 280 C-300 C. Based on Nemerrow Sumitomo waters quality index value, the index quality of Tanjung Emas bay territorial water 3.34 identical counted as light polluted category. According to diversity makrobentos index as determines in territorial waters index biologicly, makrobentos indicator result index value 1.01 identical as medium polluted category. Makrobentos in Tanjung Emas bay area spread evenly in 0.423 scale. Based on prediction index which is development from Nemerrow Sumitomo index with value 13.8 is light polluted. The value of index span prediction is good if <10 in pH condition between 7-8; turbidity ≤5 NTU; salinity between 33‰-34‰; temperature between 280 C-300 C and DO between 5 mg/l-8 mg/l. the light polluted territorial waters in the index span 10-30 and medium polluted between 30-55 and heavy polluted if greater than 55. prediction of model index is valid in Tanjung Emas bay area with pH condition 1-14, the temperature condition is less than or more than the natural span, turbidity ≥ 1 NTU then salinity condition is more or less than condition of natural salinity and DO between 1 mg/l to 8 mg/l. Keywords : the liquid waste water of power plant, water quality, inde

Water quality evaluation in Mediterranean Lagoons using the Multimetric Phytoplankton Index (MPI): study cases from Sardinia

1 - Water quality in four Sardinian lagoons (western Mediterranean Sea) was assessed using the Multimetric Phytoplankton Index (MPI), which is consistent with the EU Water Framework Directive. The index was developed using data on phytoplankton abundances, species structure and chlorophyll a concentrations in Venice Lagoon, Italy. 2 - The aim of this study was to test the MPI on a larger geographical scale and across a range of lagoon types. Therefore, it was applied to assess water quality in the Cabras, S’Ena Arrubia, Santa Giusta and Calich lagoons in Sardinia. These lagoons are all “choked”, but exhibit a range of sizes and morphometric features. They are directly affected by human activity within the lagoons themselves, such as fisheries, aquaculture and the construction of dams and canals, and are indirectly affected by anthropogenic activities in their catchments, including intensive agriculture, industrial activity and urban development. 3 - The data used in the present study were collected monthly over a period of 4 years (Calich, Santa Giusta and S’Ena Arrubia) to 7 years (Cabras). Samples were collected at three stations at each of the Cabras, Santa Giusta and Calich lagoons, and at two stations at the S’Ena Arrubia Lagoon, providing a total of 220 samples. 4 - The water quality in three of the four lagoons investigated (Cabras, S’Ena Arrubia and Calich) was classified as bad using the MPI. Among these three, water in Cabras Lagoon exhibited the worst condition. Water quality in Santa Giusta Lagoon was classified as poor using the MPI. 5 - Although we present preliminary results that require further verification, the index appears to be a useful tool for assessing the ecological status of typical Mediterranean lagoons

The status of river water quality in some rural areas, in state of Johor and its effects to life

Water is a basic requirement of human and other life. Water resources stems from rivers, streams, drains, ponds and so forth. The river is the natural water resources are very important for a human habitat. Malaysian water quality assessment is determined by the water quality Index (IKA) issued by the Department of environment (DOE) based on class I, II, III and IV. Now a water pollution also occurs in rural areas has affected the water quality and marine life. The objective of this writing is to determine river water quality in rural areas based on IKA. Kajian telah dijalankan di beberapa batang sungai di kawasan luar bandar di negeri Johor bermula dari bulan Februari sehingga April 2015. Water quality sampling was done three times in four different study locations. Determination of water quality involves measurement parameters pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) and suspended solids (SS). The Measurements are made IKA the total calculated and used to classify the river either as untainted, slightly polluted moderately polluted, contaminated and polluted. The study found the status of three rivers polluted level contaminated (class IV) and a river are classified at the level of medium-polluted (class III). Deterioration of the status of IKA for all rivers surveyed not only affects marine life, even limiting water use to humans, for example, to daily activities

Water Quality of the West Branch of the Dupage River and Kline Creek, Illinois, as Evaluated Using the Arthropod Fauna and Chemical Measurements

The water quality of the West Branch of the DuPage River (W. Branch) and Kline Creek, a tributary of the W. Branch, were examined. Both streams are located in rapidly developing DuPage County, IL. Using Hilsenhoff\u27s biotic index of the arthropod fauna and selected chemical measurements, the W. Branch was found to be moderately polluted and Kline Creek moderately to severely polluted. High mean biotic index measurements ranging from 6.28 to 7.97, ammonia- nitrogen readings of 1.0-3.9 ppm, nitrate-nitrogen readings of 0.4-1.6 ppm, chloride readings of 231-313 ppm, and orthophosphate readings of 0.3-0.5 ppm reflect organically polluted waters in both streams. Stream channelization and modification may also be contributing to the less than optimal water quality at the headwater of the W. Branch

Phytoplankton Diversity as Ecological Indicator in Jimbaran Bay Waters

A study was carried out to evaluate the ecological condition in Jimbaran Bay Waters by using Phytoplankton Diversity Index. The study was conducted at Balangan, Pemuda, Jimbaran, Kedonganan, Kelan and Segara Beach located in Jimbaran Bay. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was used to analyze the ecological condition, supported by analysis on water quality including dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand 5 days (BOD5), water pH, and water salinity. There were 51 species of phytoplankton classified to 5 classes had been observed from this study: Bacillariophycae, Cyanophyceae, Zygnemophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. Balangan beach showed higher diversity index (H) and evenness index (E) (H = 1.19; E = 0.29) compared to the other site (Pemuda: H = 0.89, E = 0.25; Jimbaran: H = 0.89, E = 0.26; Kedonganan: H = 0.96, E = 0.28; Kelan: H = 0.85, E = 0.20; and Segara: H = 0.91, E = 0.33). However, overall ecological condition showed diversity index more than 1 (H = 1.44; E = 0.27). Measurement of water quality showed that the highest quality of water was shown by Balangan Beach (DO 5.2 mg/L, pH 7.2, salinity 29 ppt, and BOD5 0.9 mg/L), while the lowest was shown by Kelan Beach (DO 4.2 mg/L, pH 7.2, salinity 29 ppt, and BOD5 2.9 mg/L). Result of the study showed that ecological status of Jimbaran Bay Waters was having moderate diversity, sufficient productivity, and medium ecological pressure (pollution)