3 research outputs found
Vehicular Fog Computing Enabled Real-time Collision Warning via Trajectory Calibration
Vehicular fog computing (VFC) has been envisioned as a promising paradigm for
enabling a variety of emerging intelligent transportation systems (ITS).
However, due to inevitable as well as non-negligible issues in wireless
communication, including transmission latency and packet loss, it is still
challenging in implementing safety-critical applications, such as real-time
collision warning in vehicular networks. In this paper, we present a vehicular
fog computing architecture, aiming at supporting effective and real-time
collision warning by offloading computation and communication overheads to
distributed fog nodes. With the system architecture, we further propose a
trajectory calibration based collision warning (TCCW) algorithm along with
tailored communication protocols. Specifically, an application-layer
vehicular-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication delay is fitted by the Stable
distribution with real-world field testing data. Then, a packet loss detection
mechanism is designed. Finally, TCCW calibrates real-time vehicle trajectories
based on received vehicle status including GPS coordinates, velocity,
acceleration, heading direction, as well as the estimation of communication
delay and the detection of packet loss. For performance evaluation, we build
the simulation model and implement conventional solutions including cloud-based
warning and fog-based warning without calibration for comparison. Real-vehicle
trajectories are extracted as the input, and the simulation results demonstrate
that the effectiveness of TCCW in terms of the highest precision and recall in
a wide range of scenarios
Lähestymistapa autonomiseen törmäyksenestoon Monorail-kuljetinjärjestelmässä
Collision Avoidance Systems are utilized both in industry and traffic in attempt to prevent material losses and injuries. These systems are implemented using sensors, communication systems or a combination of these. The most used sensors in collision avoidance applications are optical, electromagnetic and ultrasonic sensors. The communicationbased systems use both wireless and wired communications utilizing various protocols.
This document describes the process of creating a prototype of a sensor-based Collision Avoidance System for Cimcorp Monorail Transfer system. Monorail Transfer is an automatic transportation system used in tire manufacturing plants for moving the tires between different process stations. It consists of a rail, which is either fastened into the roof of the plant or into a leg-like support structure, carriers which move along the rail and a cell controller. The aim is to prevent the collisions between the carriers and between carriers and other objects. The aim of the work is to have a functional prototype of an autonomous, sensor-based Collision Avoidance System which does not depend on Wi-Fi.
The work begins with introducing the concept of Monorail Transfer in detail. Next the technologies behind the existing collision avoidance systems in industry and traffic are reviewed. The sensor types used in the implementations are identified and reviewed. Their suitability for the Monorail is considered. It is found that electromagnetic and optical sensors would be most suitable for the system. Electromagnetic sensors are discarded due to their high price and power consumption. Communication-based systems are reviewed. The Monorail Transfer’s current Collision Avoidance System is studied.
After the theoretical part the new system is designed after defining its requirements. The sensors are chosen and reviewed. A Raspberry Pi 2 model B is chosen for pre-processing the sensor data prior to introducing it to the PLC’s in the Monorail Transfer. The Collision Avoidance software is programmed in Node.js, the communications between the PLC and Raspberry Pi are programmed in Node.js and the Graphical User Interface is implemented using HTML5, CSS and JS.
The system is tested thoroughly and modified according to the findings. The prototype is found to be functional. Finally the document ends with conclusions about the implemented prototyp