Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth of Venture Businesses in Japan

This paper explores the factors influencing entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward risk and the extent to which emphasize innovation has had on the growth of venture enterprises. Conclusions are drawn from the findings gathered through a questionnaire distributed to entrepreneurs heading venture businesses in Japan.First, in Japanese venture enterprises the innovative strategies are not affected by entrepreneurs’ attitudes to risk. However, compared with other enterprises, entrepreneurs who engage in risky undertakings and market-in innovation tend to realize a surplus soon after the company was founded.Second, although venture enterprises that adopt low-risk and low-return innovation activities have a high potential to maintainable growth, this strategy alone is inadequate; entrepreneurship that involves a riskier style of management is required. Third, innovation alone carried out by venture enterprises in Japan can not contribute directly to employment creation. Rather, by combining innovation activities with market-in characteristics, enterprises are more likely to realize a surplus quickly, then achieve maintainable growth, thus indirectly contributing to employment creation

The Effects of Market Liberalization on the Relative Earnings of Chinese Women

In this paper we first explore the effects of differences in labor market institutions and the degree of market liberalization on the size and composition of gender wages gaps in China's urban labor markets. We use enterprise-ownership type, enterprise age, and workers' methods of finding employment as proxies for the extent of market liberalization. We find both the size of the wage gaps and the proportion of the gap left unexplained by differences in productive characteristics largest in the most liberalized (joint venture) sector, and smallest in the least liberalized (state) sector. We next investigate the effects of differences in wage structure on the gender wage gaps. We find that differences in wage structure, in general, and the degree of wage dispersion, in particular, are extremely important in accounting for the larger wage gaps in the joint venture and collective sectors relative to the state-owned sector.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/39844/3/wp460.pd

Korean SMEs in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: Strategies, Constraints and Performance in a Global Economy

South Korea was one of the most adversely affected economies from the Asian financial and economic crisis of 1997. This paper focuses upon the contribution that the SME sector in this country is making towards the recovery of the economy, and, in particular, focuses upon their contribution in a knowledge-based society. In this paper we present an overview of the contribution and significance of SMEs to the economy. We follow this with a discussion of the impact of the Asian financial crisis on the SME sector. Next, we look at the involvement of SMEs in the global economy, focusing on the globalisation readiness of Korea's SMEs. Based on a recent study of nearly 1,800 SMEs in Korea, we look at the existing impediments in globalising operations, along with areas government should support in assisting SMEs to become globalisation ready. Finally, we present the prospects for Korea's SMEs in the 21st century and the emphasis on venture enterprises as a way to promote the technological competitiveness of SMEs.South Korea, Asian financial crisis, SME sector, economic recovery

The Effects of Market Liberalization on the Relative Earnings of Chinese Women

In this paper we first explore the effects of differences in labor market institutions and the degree of market liberalization on the size and composition of gender wages gaps in China's urban labor markets. We use enterprise-ownership type, enterprise age, and workers' methods of finding employment as proxies for the extent of market liberalization. We find both the size of the wage gaps and the proportion of the gap left unexplained by differences in productive characteristics largest in the most liberalized (joint venture) sector, and smallest in the least liberalized (state) sector. We next investigate the effects of differences in wage structure on the gender wage gaps. We find that differences in wage structure, in general, and the degree of wage dispersion, in particular, are extremely important in accounting for the larger wage gaps in the joint venture and collective sectors relative to the state-owned sector.China, gender wage gap, labor, market liberalization, earnings

Analysis of Stage Choice of Venture Capital

This paper was based on the study of internal mechanism of venture capital stage choice, centering on the stage choice of venture capital, studied development stage of venture enterprises and fund demand characteristic, and carried out practical analysis of coincidence degree of venture capital stage distribution in Xi\u27an high-tech zone ,put forward proposals on the stage choice of venture capital in Xi\u27an hi-tech zone

Recent global trends in the Chinese construction industry and its market

The rapidly increasing construction demand in China, particularly spurred by the coming 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2010 Shanghai Expo, provides challenging opportunities for overseas construction enterprises. Therefore understanding the structure and dynamics of construction industry in China is crucial, particularly the potential changes of the market after the China\u27s entry into the World Trade Organization. This paper analyses the development of construction economics and institutional regulations in the construction market, and provides a comprehensive image on the Chinese construction sector in the global environment.<br /

Социальные аспекты в деятельности венчурных предприятий в условиях кризиса

Розглянуто наслідки діяльності венчурного підприємництва на соціальну складову розвитку людського капіталу та держави в цілому. Впорядковано якісні та кількісні показники соціального впливу венчурних підприємств на економіку країни.The consequences of the venture business for the social component of human capital and the state as a whole are analyzed. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of social impact venture enterprises on the economy are sorted.Рассмотрены следствия деятельности венчурного предпринимательства на социальную составляющую развития человеческого капитала и государства в целом. Упорядочено качественные и количественные показатели социального воздействия венчурных предприятий на экономику страны

Security, Conflict, and Reintegration in Mozambique: Case Studies of Land Access in the Postwar Period

In October 1992, the Peace Accord was signed in Mozambique. Many positive changes have taken place since then. and the countryside in postwar Mozambique is in a state of intense transformation. Nevertheless, the government has been largely silent on the issue of land tenure reform, while some of the recommendations regarding land-policy reform that have been proposed are simplistic, uninformed, and fail to reflect the present political reality in Mozambique. This report shows the need to initiate a comprehensive discussion on land policy reform, natural resource management, and decentralized control over resources. The discussion must address fundamental questions about what types of land rights will exist or, more specifically, what types of property rights will be permitted; who will have the power to distribute land rights; and how and by whom land disputes will be settled. At the heart of these questions lie profound issues relating to the role and nature of the state and other political institutions, the relationships of these institutions with the citizens, and the form and nature of governance in Mozambique. In this report we will raise several concerns with regard to land that we hope will help policymakers in Mozambique define the parameters of this discussion.Land Economics/Use,

Enterprise Ownership, Market Competition and Manufacturing Priorities in a Sub-Saharan African Emerging Economy: Evidence from Ghana

The economic liberalization policies being implemented by many African economies have led to significant efficiency and performance improvements in the activities of privately owned enterprises. This study examines the effect of the economic liberalization policies on the entrepreneurial development of domestic-owned enterprises. This is done by examining how the type of enterprise ownership (wholly domestic-owned enterprises vs. foreign–domestic joint ventures enterprises), and the increase in competition affect the manufacturing priorities of privately owned enterprises in Ghana. The results show that the enhancement in manufacturing efficiency and quality improvement in privately owned enterprises could be traced to the activities of foreign–domestic joint venture enterprises. However, as market competition increases, wholly domestic-owned enterprises emphasize manufacturing efficiency and quality improvement more that foreign–domestic joint venture enterprises. Implications for policy are discussed