Análise espacial da hantavirose no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Ambientais)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Brasília, 2020.As hantaviroses são zoonoses emergentes, que provocam enfermidades humanas graves, como a Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavírus (SCPH), incidente no continente americano, e a Febre Hemorrágica por Síndrome Renal (FHSR), com ocorrência na Ásia e Europa. No Brasil a SCPH é uma enfermidade de alta letalidade e tem notificação obrigatória aos serviços de saúde. O principal reservatório de SCPH são espécies de roedores generalistas, como o Necromys lasiurus, incidente no bioma do cerrado, que aumentam em abundância em paisagens nativas alteradas, podendo elevar o risco de transmissão da doença. No Distrito Federal (DF), têm surgido novos casos de SCPH em decorrência do contato dos seres com o hábitat desses roedores. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa é composta por dois artigos, no primeiro artigo, foi feita uma revisão sistêmica dos métodos utilizados para analisar a hantavirose e sua relação com o uso do solo pela metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). O segundo artigo é a análise espacial dos locais prováveis de infecção no período de 2007 a 2017 no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) por meio do Índice Moran Global e local, Getis-Ord Gi* e pela modelagem ambiental no Dinâmica de EGO, a fim de indicar as áreas de maior risco e as variáveis ambientais que mais predispõe a doença na região do Distrito Federal. O estudo fornece informações sobre a ação de fatores da paisagem e climáticos, na incidência de hantavirose. As informações podem ser utilizadas para um melhor entendimento de como a SCPH se comporta no DF e trazer subsídios para a orientação de estratégias de monitoramento e de vigilância epidemiológica em saúde públicaHantaviruses are emerging zoonoses that cause severe human illnesses, such as Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS), incident in the American continent, and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Asia and Europe. In Brazil, HCPS is a highly lethal disease and must be treated by health services. The main cause of HCPS are species of generalist rodents, such as Necromys lasiurus, incident in the cerrado biome and increase in abundance in altered native landscapes, which may increase the risk of disease transmission. In the Federal District, new cases of HCPS emerged due to the contact of humans with the habitats of these rodents. In this context, the research consists of two articles. In the first article, a systemic review of the methods used to analyze hantavirus disease and its relationship with land use was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The second article is the spatial analysis of the probable sites of infection for the period from 2007 to 2017 in the Geographic Information System (GIS) through the Global and local Moran Index, Getis-Ord Gi * and by the environmental modeling in the EGO Dynamics. These analyses indicate the areas of greatest risk and the environmental variables that most predispose the disease in the region of the Federal District. This study provides information on the action of landscape and climatic factors on the incidence of hantavirus. The information can be used to understand better how SCPH behaves in the Federal District and provide subsidies for the guidance of monitoring strategies and epidemiological surveillance of public health

Using Satellite Data for the Characterization of Local Animal Reservoir Populations of Hantaan Virus on the Weihe Plain, China

Striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) are the main host for the Hantaan virus (HTNV), the cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in central China. It has been shown that host population density is associated with pathogen dynamics and disease risk. Thus, a higher population density of A. agrarius in an area might indicate a higher risk for an HFRS outbreak. Here, we surveyed the A. agrarius population density between 2005 and 2012 on the Weihe Plain, Shaanxi Province, China, and used this monitoring data to examine the relationships between the dynamics of A. agrarius populations and environmental conditions of crop-land, represented by remote sensing based indicators. These included the normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation, net photosynthesis (PsnNet), gross primary productivity, and land surface temperature. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to detect the possible causal relationship between PsnNet, A. agrarius population density and HFRS risk. The results showed that A. agrarius was the most frequently captured species with a capture rate of 0.9 individuals per hundred trap-nights, during 96 months of trapping in the study area. The risk of HFRS was highly associated with the abundance of A. agrarius, with a 1–5-month lag. The breeding season of A. agrarius was also found to coincide with agricultural activity and seasons with high PsnNet. The SEM indicated that PsnNet had an indirect positive effect on HFRS incidence via rodents. In conclusion, the remote sensing-based environmental indicator, PsnNet, was highly correlated with HTNV reservoir population dynamics with a 3-month lag (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and may serve as a predictor of potential HFRS outbreaks

Using Satellite Data for the Characterization of Local Animal Reservoir Populations of Hantaan Virus on the Weihe Plain, China

Striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) are the main host for the Hantaan virus (HTNV), the cause of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in central China. It has been shown that host population density is associated with pathogen dynamics and disease risk. Thus, a higher population density of A. agrarius in an area might indicate a higher risk for an HFRS outbreak. Here, we surveyed the A. agrarius population density between 2005 and 2012 on the Weihe Plain, Shaanxi Province, China, and used this monitoring data to examine the relationships between the dynamics of A. agrarius populations and environmental conditions of crop-land, represented by remote sensing based indicators. These included the normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation, net photosynthesis (PsnNet), gross primary productivity, and land surface temperature. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to detect the possible causal relationship between PsnNet, A. agrarius population density and HFRS risk. The results showed that A. agrarius was the most frequently captured species with a capture rate of 0.9 individuals per hundred trap-nights, during 96 months of trapping in the study area. The risk of HFRS was highly associated with the abundance of A. agrarius, with a 1–5-month lag. The breeding season of A. agrarius was also found to coincide with agricultural activity and seasons with high PsnNet. The SEM indicated that PsnNet had an indirect positive effect on HFRS incidence via rodents. In conclusion, the remote sensing-based environmental indicator, PsnNet, was highly correlated with HTNV reservoir population dynamics with a 3-month lag (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), and may serve as a predictor of potential HFRS outbreaks

Addendum: Using Satellite Data for the Characterization of Local Animal Reservoir Populations of Hantaan Virus on the Weihe Plain, China. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 1076

After publication of the research paper[...