2,262,718 research outputs found
How to take into account general and contextual knowledge for interactive aiding design: Towards the coupling of CSP and CBR approaches
The goal of this paper is to show how it is possible to support design decisions with two different tools relying on two kinds of knowledge: case-based reasoning operating with contextual knowledge embodied in past cases and constraint filtering that operates with general knowledge formalized using constraints. Our goals are, firstly to make an overview of existing works that analyses the various ways to associate these two kinds of aiding tools essentially in a sequential way. Secondly, we propose an approach that allows us to use them simultaneously in order to assist design decisions with these two kinds of knowledge. The paper is organized as follows. In the first section, we define the goal of the paper and recall the background of case-based reasoning and constraint filtering. In the second section, the industrial problem which led us to consider these two kinds of knowledge is presented. In the third section, an overview of the various possibilities of using these two aiding decision tools in a sequential way is drawn up. In the fourth section, we propose an approach that allows us to use both aiding decision tools in a simultaneous and iterative way according to the availability of knowledge. An example dealing with helicopter maintenance illustrates our proposals
Finite State Machines With Input Multiplexing: A Performance Study
Finite state machines with input multiplexing (FSMIMs)
have been proposed in previous works as a technique for efficient
mapping FSMs into ROM memory. In this paper, we propose a new
architecture for implementing FSMIMs, called FSMIM with state-based
input selection, whose goal is to achieve a further reduction in memory
usage. This paper also describes in detail the algorithms for generating
FSMIMs used by the tool FSMIM-Gen, which has been developed
and made available on the Internet for free public use. A comparative
study in terms of speed and area between FSMIM approaches
and other field programmable gate array-based techniques is presented.
The results show that the FSMIM approaches obtain huge
reductions in the look-up table (LUT) usage by using a small number
of embedded memory blocks. In addition, speed improvements
over conventional LUT-based implementations have been obtained in
many cases
Improving Missing Data Imputation with Deep Generative Models
Datasets with missing values are very common on industry applications, and
they can have a negative impact on machine learning models. Recent studies
introduced solutions to the problem of imputing missing values based on deep
generative models. Previous experiments with Generative Adversarial Networks
and Variational Autoencoders showed interesting results in this domain, but it
is not clear which method is preferable for different use cases. The goal of
this work is twofold: we present a comparison between missing data imputation
solutions based on deep generative models, and we propose improvements over
those methodologies. We run our experiments using known real life datasets with
different characteristics, removing values at random and reconstructing them
with several imputation techniques. Our results show that the presence or
absence of categorical variables can alter the selection of the best model, and
that some models are more stable than others after similar runs with different
random number generator seeds
Why We Read Wikipedia
Wikipedia is one of the most popular sites on the Web, with millions of users
relying on it to satisfy a broad range of information needs every day. Although
it is crucial to understand what exactly these needs are in order to be able to
meet them, little is currently known about why users visit Wikipedia. The goal
of this paper is to fill this gap by combining a survey of Wikipedia readers
with a log-based analysis of user activity. Based on an initial series of user
surveys, we build a taxonomy of Wikipedia use cases along several dimensions,
capturing users' motivations to visit Wikipedia, the depth of knowledge they
are seeking, and their knowledge of the topic of interest prior to visiting
Wikipedia. Then, we quantify the prevalence of these use cases via a
large-scale user survey conducted on live Wikipedia with almost 30,000
responses. Our analyses highlight the variety of factors driving users to
Wikipedia, such as current events, media coverage of a topic, personal
curiosity, work or school assignments, or boredom. Finally, we match survey
responses to the respondents' digital traces in Wikipedia's server logs,
enabling the discovery of behavioral patterns associated with specific use
cases. For instance, we observe long and fast-paced page sequences across
topics for users who are bored or exploring randomly, whereas those using
Wikipedia for work or school spend more time on individual articles focused on
topics such as science. Our findings advance our understanding of reader
motivations and behavior on Wikipedia and can have implications for developers
aiming to improve Wikipedia's user experience, editors striving to cater to
their readers' needs, third-party services (such as search engines) providing
access to Wikipedia content, and researchers aiming to build tools such as
recommendation engines.Comment: Published in WWW'17; v2 fixes caption of Table
In vitro evaluation of carrier based obturation technique: a CBCT study
AIM:
The goal of the study was to compare the ability of two different carrier based obturation (CBO) techniques to reach working length and fill in three-dimensions root canal systems, by using CBCT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Twenty-six extracted molars were scanned with CBCT and 40 curved canals were selected (between 30° and 90°) and divided in two similar groups (n=20). All canals were prepared up to size 25 taper .06 using nickel-titanium instrumentation. The canals in the Group SC were obturated using Soft-Core obturators (Kerr, Romulus, Mi, USA), while Group TH canals (n= 20) were obturated using Thermafil Endodontic Obturators (Tulsa Dental Products, Tulsa, OK, USA), strictly following manufacturers' instructions for use. The obturations were analyzed by means of CBCT to measure the distance from the apical limit of obturation to the apical foramen and the presence of voids inside root canals.
RESULTS:
There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean distance of the apical extent of the obturation (t test, p>0.05). Overfilling occurred in only 3 cases (2 in Group TH and 1 in Group SC). The percentages of voids in both groups were very low with no significant difference (Z test, p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
The two tested CBO techniques showed similar positive results in terms of performance, even if, after checking with verifiers, in most cases the size of the selected Soft-Core obturator was one size smaller than Thermafil
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