7 research outputs found
Modelling business and management systems using Fuzzy cognitive maps: A critical overview
A critical overview of modelling Business and Management (B&M) Systems using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps is presented. A limited but illustrative number of specific applications of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in diverse B&M systems, such as e business, performance assessment, decision making, human resources management, planning and investment decision making processes is provided and briefly analyzed. The limited survey is given in a table with statics of using FCMs in B&M systems during the last 15 years. The limited survey shows that the applications of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to todayâs Business and Management studies has been steadily increased especially during the last 5-6 years. Interesting conclusions and future research directions are highlighted
Modelling business and management systems using Fuzzy cognitive maps: A critical overview
A critical overview of modelling Business and Management (B&M) Systems using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps is presented. A limited but illustrative number of specific applications of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps in diverse B&M systems, such as e business, performance assessment, decision making, human resources management, planning and investment decision making processes is provided and briefly analyzed. The limited survey is given in a table with statics of using FCMs in B&M systems during the last 15 years. The limited survey shows that the applications of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to todayâs Business and Management studies has been steadily increased especially during the last 5-6 years. Interesting conclusions and future research directions are highlighted
AnĂĄlise das dinĂąmicas de Ă©tica bancĂĄria com recurso a mapas cognitivos fuzzy
Partindo do pressuposto que, atualmente, existe uma maior consciencialização por
parte das instituiçÔes bancårias de que a ética ou a falta dela pode afetar positiva
ou negativamente a sua reputação, Ă© possĂvel afirmar que a preocupação do setor
bancĂĄrio em se reger por normas, condutas e prĂĄticas Ă©ticas tem vindo a aumentar
exponencialmente. Contudo, o alinhamento de tais pråticas com as operaçÔes
diĂĄrias de um banco exige o tratamento cuidado de um vasto leque de variĂĄveis, tangĂveis ou
intangĂveis, o que constitui um processo notoriamente difĂcil. Por conseguinte, o objetivo
principal da presente dissertação centra-se no desenvolvimento de um modelo conceptual,
através de ferramentas de mapeamento cognitivo difuso (i.e. fuzzy cognitive mapping), que
visa o reconhecimento e a perceção das relaçÔes de causalidade entre os elementos que
influenciam as prĂĄticas Ă©ticas no setor bancĂĄrio. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os mapas
cognitivos detĂȘm um elevado potencial de aplicabilidade no que diz respeito Ă estruturação de
problemas dinĂąmicos e reais, oferecendo assim a possibilidade de minimizar os erros aquando
do processo de tomada de decisĂŁo. Em particular, foi possĂvel apurar que a gestĂŁo Ă©tica dos
colaboradores, as prĂĄticas e comportamentos dos colaboradores, as prĂĄticas de governance e
as prĂĄticas de responsabilidade social sĂŁo, efetivamente, os elementos de maior
representatividade na anålise das pråticas de ética bancåria. As pressuposiçÔes pråticas do
modelo criado, as respetivas vantagens e limitaçÔes são também objeto de discussão.
Palavras-Chave: Apoio Ă Tomada de DecisĂŁo; PrĂĄticas Ăticas; Setor BancĂĄrio; DinĂąmicas de
Causa-Efeito; Mapas Cognitivos Fuzzy.because the perceived ethics of a banking institution can affect its reputation,
concern over ethical practices in the banking sector is rapidly increasing. The
alignment of such practices with daily operations, however, requires dealing with
a wide range of variables, tangible or intangible, and constitutes a notoriously
difficult endeavor. Still, due to the rapidly changing economic environment and
current sharp competition in the banking industry, a better understanding of this alignment
can help bank managers and other key players enhance value creation through more informed
decisions, contributing to stronger integration of ethical practices in the banksâ daily
activities. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) to analyze the
dynamics behind ethical banking practices. Grounded on intensive group meetings with a
panel of senior executives from the banking industry, the result is a well-informed processoriented framework that sheds light on the manner in which ethical practices interrelate with
each other. Implications, advantages and shortcomings of our proposal are also discussed
Karayolu projelerinin fayda-maliyet analizleri için risk eklentili yeni bir bulanık biliĆsel harita modeli
06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan âYĂŒkseköÄretim Kanunu Ä°le Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun HĂŒkmĂŒnde Kararnamelerde DeÄiĆiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanunâ ile 18.06.2018 tarihli âLisansĂŒstĂŒ Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, DĂŒzenlenmesi ve EriĆime Açılmasına Ä°liĆkin Yönergeâ gereÄince tam metin eriĆime açılmıĆtır.Fayda Maliyet Analizi (FMA) ĂŒlkemizde ve dĂŒnyada ulaĆtırma projelerinin ekonomik deÄerlendirmelerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan önemli bir karar verme tekniÄidir. Ancak bu metot çok sayıda verinin analiz edilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu sebeple doÄasında yer alan ve sonuçları olumsuz yönde etkileyen belirsizlik etkisiyle baĆa çıkmaya ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bir karayolu projesi veri eksikliÄi, gelecek yıllara ait tahminler, ekonomik belirsizlik vb. nedenlerden dolayı yĂŒksek belirsizlik etkisine sahiptir. Geleneksel yaklaĆımda söz konusu problemi çözmek için Duyarlılık Analizine (DA) dayalı bir risk analizi uygulanmaktadır. Ancak bu yaklaĆım iki temel sorunu sunmaktadır: bunlardan ilki tĂŒm belirsizlik etkisinin analiz edilmesinde ortaya çıkan zaman kaybı diÄeri de elde edilen sonuçların yorumlanabilme zorluÄudur. Bu sorunları aĆmak için araĆtırmacılar son yıllarda FMA'daki belirsizlikle baĆa çıkmada etkili bir yaklaĆım olan Monte Carlo SimĂŒlasyonu (MCS) ĂŒzerinde araĆtırmalarını sĂŒrdĂŒrmektedirler. LiteratĂŒrdeki çalıĆmalar bu metodun ulaĆtırma projelerinin ekonomik risk analizlerinde elveriĆliliÄini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak analiz sonucunun doÄruluÄu, bir modelde kullanılacak olan deÄiĆkenlere atanacak olasılık daÄılımlarının doÄruluÄuna dayanmaktadır. Böylelikle MCS'deki bu zaman alıcı sĂŒreç risk analizi için önemli bir dejavantaj oluĆturmaktadır. Bu çalıĆma, karayolu projeleri FMA'daki belirsizlik etkisiyle kolay ve kullanıcı dostu bir yaklaĆımla mĂŒcadele edebilen yeni bir yaklaĆımın kullanılabilirliÄini ve faydasını araĆtırmayı amaçlamıĆtır. Bu amaca ulaĆmak için karmaĆık problemleri modelleyebilmesindeki kolaylıÄından dolayı Bulanık BiliĆsel Harita (BBH) metodu kullanılmıĆtır. Bu metotla, bir RÄ°SK parametresi kullanılarak karayolu projelerindeki fayda ve maliyetleri deÄerlendirebilen bir BBH modeli geliĆtirilmiĆtir. Modelde geleneksel FMA'da bulunan deÄiĆkenler kullanılmÄ±Ć ve bir de modele RÄ°SK parametresi dĂąhil edilmiĆtir. GeliĆtirilen modelin kullanılabilirliÄi ĂŒlkemizdeki ulaĆtırma otoritelerinden elde edilen gerçek birkaç fizibilite çalıĆması yardımıyla araĆtırılmıĆtır. GerçekleĆtirilen simĂŒlasyonlar sonrasında BBH modelinden elde edilen karar verme sonuçlarının gerçek fizibilite çalıĆmalarına ait karar verme sonuçları ile örtĂŒĆtĂŒÄĂŒ görĂŒlmĂŒĆtĂŒr. Bunun yanı sıra bir durum çalıĆması yapılarak geliĆtirilen BBH modelinin performansı ortaya konulmuĆ ve ulaĆtırma projelerinin FMA'da geleneksel risk analizleri olan DA ve MCS yaklaĆımlarıyla karĆılaĆtırılarak BBH yaklaĆımının avantajları sunulmuĆtur. Yapılan karĆılaĆtırmalar sonucunda BBH yaklaĆımının FMA'nın risk analizi için ĂŒmit verici olduÄu ortaya konulmuĆtur.Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is a method widely used in all over the world for decision making focused mainly on economical evaluation of the transportation projects. However, this method requires the analysis of a relatively large amount of data and also needs to handle the inherent uncertainty which affects the results negatively. In a highway project there are high uncertainties due to lack of data, future predictions, economic indeterminacy etc. In conventional approach, a risk analysis, which is based primarily on a Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is conducted in order to solve the problems mentioned above. However, this approach presents two main drawbacks (as follows) the first one refers to time consumption in analyzing all the influences of uncertainty and the second one is related to the difficulty on interpretability of the results. To cope with these drawbacks, researchers have studied Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) which has recently been considered as an effective approach in tackling uncertainty of CBA. Previous studies have already shown its usefulness in this field however the accuracy of analysis results is based on providing proper probability distributions assigned to variables in a model. Thus, the time consuming process is a significant limitation for MCS. This study aims to investigate usability and utility of a new approach in highways CBA in order to cope with uncertainty easily and more user-friendly. To achieve the above-cited goal, the technique of Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) was utilized for decision making due to its popularity in modeling complex problems. Thus, a FCM model which is capable of evaluating benefit and costs of highway projects was developed using RISK parameter. The concepts of CBA took part in the construction of the developed model. In addition, a RISK parameter was considered for the model. As was observed, the final decisions of the developed model concurred with the final decisions of the feasibility studies. The usability of the developed FCM model was investigated through a number of real feasibility studies obtained from Turkish transportation authorities. In addition, a case study was conducted in order to validate the performance of the developed model. In consequence of comparisons with results of SA and MCS known as conventional risk analysis for CBA, it is obtained promising results for validation of developed FCM model
Determinantes de comércio electrónico em PMEs: identificação, estruturação e anålise
A crescente aplicação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) no
quotidiano das empresas levou a que estas utilizassem novos modelos para
operar os seus negócios, como, por exemplo, o comércio eletrónico. Porém,
empresas com menores recursos â como as pequenas e mĂ©dias empresas
(PMEs) â tĂȘm mostrado alguma relutĂąncia em adotar os canais eletrĂłnicos
nas suas transaçÔes. Esta aversão aos novos modelos de negócio é motivada pela falta de
conhecimento e de capacidades na implementação de pråticas de comércio eletrónico.
Posto isto, de forma a melhorar o seu negĂłcio, parece evidente que os decisores das
PMEs beneficiariam de uma nova abordagem que facultasse uma melhor compreensĂŁo
dos determinantes de comércio eletrónico. De forma a promover essa compreensão, a
presente dissertação propÔe a utilização de técnicas de mapeamento cognitivo difuso.
Com base no conhecimento e na experiĂȘncia de um painel de especialistas em comĂ©rcio
eletrĂłnico, os resultados mostram que o perfil do empreendedor, o mercado, a gestĂŁo
operacional, o marketing e promoção, o website e plataforma digital, assim como o
produto sĂŁo os determinantes que apresentam maiores graus de centralidade na estrutura
cognitiva desenvolvida, permitindo uma melhor compreensão das suas relaçÔes de
causalidade. As vantagens e limitaçÔes desta abordagem construtivista e a formulação de
recomendaçÔes para investigação futura sĂŁo tambĂ©m discutidas.The increasing use of information technology in enterprisesâ daily operations
has led to multiple innovative ways to run a business, including electronic
commerce (or e-commerce). However, firms with fewer resources, such as
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), are more reluctant to use
electronic channels during transactions. This aversion to contemporary
business models is a result of these companiesâ lack of knowledge and capabilities
regarding e-commerce. To improve their businesses, SMEsâ managers and decision
makers could benefit from a methodological framework that fosters a deeper
understanding of the determinants of e-commerce. This study sought to explore the use of
fuzzy cognitive mapping to address this need. The results are grounded in the knowledge
and experience of a panel of experts in e-commerce. The fuzzy cognitive map developed
shows that entrepreneur profile, market, operational management, marketing and
promotions, website and digital platform, and products present the highest centrality
indices as determinants of SME e-commerce. The findings offer a better understanding of
the cause-and-effect relationships between these determinants. The advantages,
limitations, and shortcomings of our constructivist proposal are also discussed
Knowledge and Management Models for Sustainable Growth
In the last years sustainability has become a topic of global concern and a key issue in the strategic agenda of both business organizations and public authorities and organisations.
Significant changes in business landscape, the emergence of new technology, including social media, the pressure of new social concerns, have called into question established conceptualizations of competitiveness, wealth creation and growth.
New and unaddressed set of issues regarding how private and public organisations manage and invest their resources to create sustainable value have brought to light. In particular the increasing focus on environmental and social themes has suggested new dimensions to be taken into account in the value creation dynamics, both at organisations and communities level.
For companies the need of integrating corporate social and environmental responsibility issues into strategy and daily business operations, pose profound challenges, which, in turn, involve numerous processes and complex decisions influenced by many stakeholders. Facing these challenges calls for the creation, use and exploitation of new knowledge as well as the development of proper management models, approaches and tools aimed to contribute to the development and realization of environmentally and socially sustainable business strategies and practices