Understanding the Roles of Challenge Security Demands, Psychological Resources in Information Security Policy Noncompliance

It is widely agreed that employees’ noncompliance with information security policies (ISP) is still a major problem for organizations. In order to understand the factors that reduce employees’ ISP noncompliance, previous studies have focused on stressful security demands that consequently aggravate noncompliance, and tangible job resources to promote compliance. However, how security demands encourage employees to comply and how intangible resources affect employees’ ISP noncompliance have been largely overlooked. In this study, we posit and argue that challenge security demands and intangible psychological resources can help promote employees’ ISP compliance. Drawing on the Job Demands- Resources Model and the theory of psychological resource, we specifically examine the roles of continuity demand, mandatory demand as challenge security demands, and felt trust, professional development and personal resource as psychological resources in influencing employees’ ISP noncompliance. The proposed model is validated by survey data from 224 employees. The theoretical and practical contributions are also discussed

Fair Labor Association 2007 Annual Report

Assesses the progress made by companies in the move towards sustainable corporate responsibility in their labor standards. Breaks up data by company

A National Portrait of Domestic Violence Courts

A growing number of criminal courts nationwide handle domestic violence cases on separate calendars, termed domestic violence courts. There are now 208 confirmed domestic violence courts across the U.S. (Center for Court Innovation 2009). More than 150 similar projects have been established internationally. Some domestic violence courts emerged in the context of the broader "problem-solving court" movement and share characteristics with other specialized courts, such as separate dockets and specially trained judges. However, the origins of domestic violence courts are also distinct, growing out of the increased attention afforded domestic violence matters by the justice system over the past 30 years. With funding from the National Institute of Justice, this study explores how criminal domestic violence courts have evolved, their rationale, and how their operations vary across the U.S. This study does not test whether domestic violence courts reduce recidivism, protect victims, or achieve other specific effects -- although we provide a thorough literature review on these points. Rather, our aim is to present a comprehensive national portrait of the field as it exists today, laying the groundwork for future information exchange and research

A Case Study: Clery Act Policy and Implementation Strategies

The Clery Act was created as a consumer protection law to inform prospective students and their families about the safety of the campuses they consider. The law requires that post–secondary institutions participating in Title IV federal financial assistance programs remain compliant with Clery Act regulations to maintain the ability to offer financial aid funds to students. Noncompliance with the Clery Act can result in disqualification from Title IV programming and damaging institutional fines. These consequences warrant a deeper examination of the law and ways that Clery Act facilitators effectively implement compliance strategies and affect campus safety. This intrinsic case study examined how higher education administrators at a multicampus public university implement strategies to facilitate Clery Act compliance. Participants in this study were individuals employed at a multicampus institution located in the upper Midwest; 24 people were invited, and nine agreed to participate. Participants in this study included Clery officials, Title IX coordinators, and campus security authorities. Data was collected via interview, and then triangulated with artifacts and observational notes. The results of this study determined that at the site institution participants worked collaboratively between campuses and with outside stakeholders to remain in compliance with Clery Act requirements. Additional findings demonstrated that innovative approaches were being employed to improve compliance strategies and heighten campus safety efforts. Participants’ rich descriptions and narratives also evinced unanticipated findings that can serve as a springboard for future research and points of discussion to further conversations regarding campus safety and the mitigation of campus violence

Bringing It Together (BIT). Volume 1: An Annotated Bibliography relating to voluntary tax compliance

This annotated bibliography brings together the research collections of the CTSI (Centre for Tax System Integrity) and ATO (Australian Taxation Office) Knowledge Development Network (KDNet). The listed entries (published and unpublished) span 5 decades from 1957 to 2003. We hope that people working in the tax administrations and the tax research will find this collaborative endeavor a valuable resource and a useful database for making decisions and implementing policy

The Effect of Training and Institutional Support on Title IX Coordinators\u27 Responses to Sexual Violence on College Campuses

One out of five women in college are victims of sexual assault. The uptick in cases being brought before the US Department of Education for the mishandling of sexual assault cases on college campuses raises a question about the adequacy of the training and support being received by Title IX Coordinators. This study was designed to determine whether Title IX Coordinators are receiving adequate support and sufficient training necessary to adhere to the federal mandates regarding sexual assault on campus, as well as how the Title IX Coordinators’ years of experience relate to the challenges they face. Using SurveyMonkey, a survey instrument developed by the researcher was sent to Title IX Coordinators at Division I colleges and universities. Utilizing open-ended and Likert-scaled questions, the researcher looked at the adequacy of the support being received by Title IX Coordinators, the sufficiency of the training being received by Title IX Coordinators, the specific challenges faced by Title IX Coordinators, and how the perception of those challenges changed based on the years of experience of the Title IX Coordinators. The researcher obtained responses from 83 participants. The results indicated that the Title IX coordinators’ perceptions were that they were receiving adequate support and sufficient training. The perceptions of their challenges decreased with the number of years spent in the role. The results also showed there is a need for increased training directly from federal agencies. Further study is recommended on the impact of changes in policies with the new administration

Disabling Travel: Quantifying the Harm of Inaccessible Hotels to Disabled People

During its 2023–2024 term, the U.S. Supreme Court will decide a case with significant implications for the future of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In Acheson Hotels v. Laufer, the Court will determine whether a civil rights “tester” plaintiff has Article III standing to sue a hotel for failing to provide information about the hotel’s accessibility online — in violation of Department of Justice (DOJ) regulations applying the ADA’s requirement of “reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures” — when the plaintiff did not intend to book a hotel reservation. Plaintiff-Respondent Deborah Laufer has not only challenged the failure of Acheson Hotels to provide required information, but has also filed over 600 similar lawsuits, showcasing system-wide violations of the ADA’s “Reservation Rule.” The Reservation Rule (“the Rule”), promulgated in 2010, requires hotels to make accessibility information available “through [their] reservations service[s] in enough detail to reasonably permit individuals with disabilities to assess independently whether a given hotel or guest room meets his or her accessibility needs.” The Rule also requires hotels to deliver accessible rooms in the same manner and during the same hours as inaccessible rooms, to hold accessible rooms for individuals with disabilities, and to guarantee that an accessible room reservation is held for the reserving customer. Among the motivations for the Rule’s passage were widespread complaints related to accessibility in the hotel reservation process. During the Rule’s notice and comment period, which began in 2008, industry representatives advocated for language that required hotels to treat disabled individuals in “a substantially similar manner” to nondisabled guests; the Department did not accept this suggested language, and the Rule instead requires hotels to treat disabled individuals “in the same manner” as nondisabled individuals. Hotels had an 18-month transition period to implement the changes. The American Society of Travel Agents, Inc. (at the time “the world’s largest association of professional travel agencies”) filed a comment with the DOJ in support of “parity in reservations policies” and explained that, to achieve that goal, hotels are best positioned to provide accurate accessibility information. Hotels’ noncompliance with Title III of the ADA, and with the Reservation Rule in particular, is pervasive, and tester plaintiffs play a key role in enforcing the law. The ADA’s enforcement scheme depends in large part on private lawsuits to compensate for the limited resources of its designated enforcement agency, the DOJ. The burdens of filing suit and obtaining injunctive relief, however, are significant for the individuals on whom the ADA relies, the very same individuals who rely on the Act for the opportunity to, as Jacobus tenBroek famously put it, “live in the world.” Because damages are unavailable for violations of the Rule, suits for injunctive relief need to be filed before a problem arises: Injunctive relief is relatively useless for those who are denied accessibility information about public accommodations. Any injunction would take effect long after the disabled traveler needed the accessibility information. These obstacles undermine the affirmative duty that the Reservation Rule places on businesses to acknowledge and account for disabled individuals before those individuals need to book their reservations. Tester litigation helps to secure the services proposed by the Reservation Rule and to deliver on the regulation’s promise of equal efficiency, immediacy, and convenience

Sanctioning policies - Australian, American and British cross-national reflections and comparisons

Over the last two decades welfare policies have undergone major reforms in Anglo-Western nations such as the U.S., U.K. and Australia. Central to these reforms have been the revision of welfare recipient entitlements and responsibilities and the emergence of a responsibility and obligations agenda. The essence of this agenda is conditionality and reciprocity, and it includes the threat of punitive sanctions for failing to comply with mandatory participation requirements. This paper highlights the potent influence of the ideas of American conservatives on policy reforms in the U.S., the U.K. and Australia and provides a thematic crossnational comparison of sanctioning policies in these nations