Development of Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Measuring System for Monitoring Multiphase Flow in Liquid Media within Composite Pipeline

Process of conveying liquid substance via the pipeline is the most common practice of transferring the liquid from one point to another point. Composite pipeline is becoming an option for liquid conveying purposed (instead of PVC, acrylic or metal) for its durability, longer lifetime and non-corrosive material in comparison with current pipeline. In order to ensure, the conveying process has a smooth flow rate without particle or bubble disturbance that could hinder good process flow, non-invasive monitoring system is always required. The ultrasonic measuring system is one of the monitoring options that could be applied. With proper designed for transmitting and conditioning circuitry, 300 kHz ultrasonic frequencies are found as the optimal frequency needed to penetrate across the composite pipeline with full of liquid. The ultrasonic sensor response is being successfully differentiated between full flow (no material blockage) and with bulk material blockage (dry and wet sand)

2 mhz electrical resistance tomography for static liquid- solid profile measurement

Tomography is a technique used to reconstruct cross-sectional image of a pipeline for flow monitoring applications. There are several types of tomography system such as X-ray tomography, ultrasonic tomography, and electrical resistance tomography (ERT). ERT has many advantages compared to other types of tomography such as low cost, robust and no radiation. Thus, it becomes particularly suitable for industrial applications. However, it has been observed that the conventional practice of ERT through invasive sensing technique has exposed the ERT metal sensor to corrosion and limited its application because of inaccurate measurement of the data. Consequently, non-invasive ERT has also been introduced in low frequency (in kHz) applied to the ERT system. The low frequency ERT makes use of the phase-sensitive demodulation (PSD) approach and is a complicated technique to implement. Hence, the goal of this research is to design and develop a non-invasive ERT system with a high frequency (2 MHz) source. A total impedance of coupling capacitances (between metal electrode and conductive medium) series with resistance (conductive medium) for each pair of electrodes was assumed in the research. Based on the mathematical equation of the total impedance, the real part is the resistance (conductive medium) must be larger than the imaginary part (capacitances), so that it can easily detect the concentration profile of the conductive medium. Therefore, the minimum frequency needed to ensure that the real part is bigger than the imaginary one is 2 MHz. Simultaneously, the independent and flexible sixteen ERT electrodes designed for the system make it easier to replace and troubleshoot any problems with the sensor. In addition, the experiment was carried out on a two-phase static liquid–solid regime for a linear back-projection algorithm using online configuration, with MATLAB as a software platform. It was also able to detect and visualize the non-homogenous system of the two-phase regime. Later, the reconstructed image was improved using a global threshold technique through offline configuration. The experiment results indicate that it could detect obstacles in a vertical pipe with minimum 12 mm in diameter and 4.5 cm in height