4 research outputs found

    Utilizing Unconventional CMOS Techniques for Low Voltage Low Power Analog Circuits Design for Biomedical Applications

    Get PDF
    Tato disertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ navrĆŸenĂ­m nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch, nĂ­zkopƙíkonovĂœch analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ, kterĂ© pouĆŸĂ­vajĂ­ nekonvenčnĂ­ techniky CMOS. LĂ©kaƙskĂĄ zaƙízenĂ­ na bateriovĂ© napĂĄjenĂ­, jako systĂ©my pro dlouhodobĂœ fyziologickĂœ monitoring, pƙenosnĂ© systĂ©my, implantovatelnĂ© systĂ©my a systĂ©my vhodnĂ© na noĆĄenĂ­, musĂ­ bĂœt male a lehkĂ©. Kromě toho je nutnĂ©, aby byly tyto systĂ©my vybaveny bateriĂ­ s dlouhou ĆŸivotnostĂ­. Z tohoto dĆŻvodu pƙevlĂĄdajĂ­ v biomedicĂ­nskĂœch aplikacĂ­ch tohoto typu nĂ­zkopƙíkonovĂ© integrovanĂ© obvody. NekonvenčnĂ­ techniky jako napƙ. vyuĆŸitĂ­ transistorĆŻ s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem (Bulk-Driven “BD”), s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (Floating-Gate “FG”), s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (Quasi-Floating-Gate “QFG”), s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (Bulk-Driven Floating-Gate “BD-FG”) a s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (Bulk-Driven Quasi-Floating-Gate “BD-QFG”), se v nedĂĄvnĂ© době ukĂĄzaly jako efektivnĂ­ prostƙedek ke zjednoduĆĄenĂ­ obvodovĂ©ho zapojenĂ­ a ke snĂ­ĆŸenĂ­ velikosti napĂĄjecĂ­ho napětĂ­ směrem k prahovĂ©mu napětĂ­ u tranzistorĆŻ MOS (MOST). V prĂĄci jsou podrobně pƙedstaveny nejdĆŻleĆŸitějĆĄĂ­ charakteristiky nekonvenčnĂ­ch technik CMOS. Tyto techniky byly pouĆŸity pro vytvoƙenĂ­ nĂ­zko napěƄovĂœch a nĂ­zko vĂœkonovĂœch CMOS struktur u některĂœch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ, napƙ. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) zaloĆŸenĂ© na BD, FG, QFG, a BD-QFG techniky; Tunable Transconductor zaloĆŸenĂœ na BD MOST; Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCTA) zaloĆŸenĂœ na BD-QFG MOST; Z Copy-Current Controlled-Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier (ZC-CC-CDBA) zaloĆŸenĂœ na BD MOST; Winner Take All (WTA) and Loser Take All (LTA) zaloĆŸenĂœ na BD MOST; Fully Balanced Four-Terminal Floating Nullor (FBFTFN) zaloĆŸenĂœ na BD-QFG technice. Za Ășčelem ověƙenĂ­ funkčnosti vĂœĆĄe zmĂ­něnĂœch struktur, byly tyto struktury pouĆŸity v několika aplikacĂ­ch. VĂœkon navrĆŸenĂœch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ a pƙíkladech aplikacĂ­ je ověƙovĂĄn prostƙednictvĂ­m simulačnĂ­ch programĆŻ PSpice či Cadence za pouĆŸitĂ­ technologie 0.18 m CMOS.This doctoral thesis deals with designing ultra-low-voltage (LV) low-power (LP) analog circuits utilizing the unconventional CMOS techniques. Battery powered medical devices such as; long term physiological monitoring, portable, implantable, and wearable systems need to be small and lightweight. Besides, long life battery is essential need for these devices. Thus, low-power integrated circuits are always paramount in such biomedical applications. Recently, unconventional CMOS techniques i.e. Bulk-Driven (BD), Floating-Gate (FG), Quasi-Floating-Gate (QFG), Bulk-Driven Floating-Gate (BD-FG) and Bulk-Driven Quasi-Floating-Gate (BD-QFG) MOS transistors (MOSTs) have revealed as effective devices to reduce the circuit complexity and push the voltage supply of the circuit towards threshold voltage of the MOST. In this work, the most important features of the unconventional CMOS techniques are discussed in details. These techniques have been utilized to perform ultra-LV LP CMOS structures of several active elements i.e. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) based on BD, FG, QFG, and BD-QFG techniques; Tunable Transconductor based on BD MOST; Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (CCTA) based on BD-QFG MOST; Z Copy-Current Controlled-Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier (ZC-CC-CDBA) based on BD MOST; Winner Take All (WTA) and Loser Take All (LTA) based on BD MOST; Fully Balanced Four-Terminal Floating Nullor (FBFTFN) based on BD-QFG technique. Moreover, to verify the workability of the proposed structures, they were employed in several applications. The performance of the proposed active elements and their applications were investigated through PSpice or Cadence simulation program using 0.18 m CMOS technology.

    Preamplifier for biological signals processing

    Get PDF
    PrĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ problematikou nĂĄvrhu a optimalizace zesilovačƯ v technologii CMOS s nĂ­zkĂœm napĂĄjecĂ­m napětĂ­m a nĂ­zkou spotƙebou. HlavnĂ­m zaměƙenĂ­m prĂĄce je navrhnout zesilovač pro zesĂ­lenĂ­ biologickĂœch signĂĄlu. V prvnĂ­ části prĂĄce je stručnĂœ Ășvod do teorie biologickĂœch signĂĄlĆŻ. DĂĄle prĂĄce obsahuje stručnĂœ popis metod zpracovĂĄnĂ­ biologickĂœch signĂĄlĆŻ a jejich vlastnosti. DĆŻleĆŸitou částĂ­ prĂĄce je popis metod pro snĂ­ĆŸenĂ­ napĂĄjecĂ­ napětĂ­ zesilovače. PraktickĂĄ část tĂ©to prĂĄce je zaměƙena na nĂĄvrh zesilovače s nĂ­zkĂœm napĂĄjecĂ­m napětĂ­m a s nĂ­zkou spotƙebou. VĆĄechny aktivnĂ­ prvky a pƙíklady aplikacĂ­ byly ověƙeny pomocĂ­ PSpice simulacĂ­ s vyuĆŸitĂ­m parametrĆŻ technologie 0,18 ”m TSMC CMOS. Pro ilustraci chovĂĄnĂ­ struktur je v diplomovĂ© prĂĄci zahrnuty simulačnĂ­ vĂœsledky.The work deals with the design and optimization of amplifiers in CMOS technology with low supply voltage and low power consumption. The main aim is to design an amplifier to amplify the biological signal. The first part is a brief introduction to the theory of biological signals. The work also contains a brief description of the biological signal processing methods and their properties. The important part is the description of the methods to reduce the supply voltage of the amplifier. The practical part of this thesis focuses on the design amplifiers with low supply voltage and low power consumption. All active elements and application examples have been verified by PSpice simulator using the 0.18 ”m TSMC CMOS parameters. Simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate behavior of structures.

    Low Voltage Low Power Analogue Circuits Design

    Get PDF
    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce je zaměƙena na vĂœzkum nejbÄ›ĆŸnějĆĄĂ­ch metod, kterĂ© se vyuĆŸĂ­vajĂ­ pƙi nĂĄvrhu analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ s vyuĆŸitĂ­ nĂ­zkonapěƄovĂœch (LV) a nĂ­zkopƙíkonovĂœch (LP) struktur. Tyto LV LP obvody mohou bĂœt vytvoƙeny dĂ­ky vyspělĂœm technologiĂ­m nebo takĂ© vyuĆŸitĂ­m pokročilĂœch technik nĂĄvrhu. DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ prĂĄvě pokročilĂœmi technikami nĂĄvrhu, pƙedevĆĄĂ­m pak nekonvenčnĂ­mi. Mezi tyto techniky patƙí vyuĆŸitĂ­ prvkĆŻ s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem (bulk-driven - BD), s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (floating-gate - FG), s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - QFG), s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s plovoucĂ­m hradlem (bulk-driven floating-gate - BD-FG) a s ƙízenĂœm substrĂĄtem s kvazi plovoucĂ­m hradlem (quasi-floating-gate - BD-QFG). PrĂĄce je takĂ© orientovĂĄna na moĆŸnĂ© zpĆŻsoby implementace znĂĄmĂœch a modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m nebo mix-mĂłdu. Mezi tyto prvky lze začlenit zesilovače typu OTA (operational transconductance amplifier), CCII (second generation current conveyor), FB-CCII (fully-differential second generation current conveyor), FB-DDA (fully-balanced differential difference amplifier), VDTA (voltage differencing transconductance amplifier), CC-CDBA (current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier) a CFOA (current feedback operational amplifier). Za Ășčelem potvrzenĂ­ funkčnosti a chovĂĄnĂ­ vĂœĆĄe zmĂ­něnĂœch struktur a prvkĆŻ byly vytvoƙeny pƙíklady aplikacĂ­, kterĂ© simulujĂ­ usměrƈovacĂ­ a induktančnĂ­ vlastnosti diody, dĂĄle pak filtry dolnĂ­ propusti, pĂĄsmovĂ© propusti a takĂ© univerzĂĄlnĂ­ filtry. VĆĄechny aktivnĂ­ prvky a pƙíklady aplikacĂ­ byly ověƙeny pomocĂ­ PSpice simulacĂ­ s vyuĆŸitĂ­m parametrĆŻ technologie 0,18 m TSMC CMOS. Pro ilustraci pƙesnĂ©ho a ĂșčinnĂ©ho chovĂĄnĂ­ struktur je v disertačnĂ­ prĂĄci zahrnuto velkĂ© mnoĆŸstvĂ­ simulačnĂ­ch vĂœsledkĆŻ.The dissertation thesis is aiming at examining the most common methods adopted by analog circuits' designers in order to achieve low voltage (LV) low power (LP) configurations. The capability of LV LP operation could be achieved either by developed technologies or by design techniques. The thesis is concentrating upon design techniques, especially the non–conventional ones which are bulk–driven (BD), floating–gate (FG), quasi–floating–gate (QFG), bulk–driven floating–gate (BD–FG) and bulk–driven quasi–floating–gate (BD–QFG) techniques. The thesis also looks at ways of implementing structures of well–known and modern active elements operating in voltage–, current–, and mixed–mode such as operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), second generation current conveyor (CCII), fully–differential second generation current conveyor (FB–CCII), fully–balanced differential difference amplifier (FB–DDA), voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), current–controlled current differencing buffered amplifier (CC–CDBA) and current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). In order to confirm the functionality and behavior of these configurations and elements, they have been utilized in application examples such as diode–less rectifier and inductance simulations, as well as low–pass, band–pass and universal filters. All active elements and application examples have been verified by PSpice simulator using the 0.18 m TSMC CMOS parameters. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of structures.

    Circuits for Analog Signal Processing Employing Unconventional Active Elements

    Get PDF
    DisertačnĂ­ prĂĄce se zabĂœvĂĄ zavĂĄděnĂ­m novĂœch struktur modernĂ­ch aktivnĂ­ch prvkĆŻ pracujĂ­cĂ­ch v napěƄovĂ©m, proudovĂ©m a smĂ­ĆĄenĂ©m reĆŸimu. Funkčnost a chovĂĄnĂ­ těchto prvkĆŻ byly ověƙeny prostƙednictvĂ­m SPICE simulacĂ­. V tĂ©to prĂĄci je zahrnuta ƙada simulacĂ­, kterĂ© dokazujĂ­ pƙesnost a dobrĂ© vlastnosti těchto prvkĆŻ, pƙičemĆŸ velkĂœ dĆŻraz byl kladen na to, aby tyto prvky byly schopny pracovat pƙi nĂ­zkĂ©m napĂĄjecĂ­m napětĂ­, jelikoĆŸ poptĂĄvka po pƙenosnĂœch elektronickĂœch zaƙízenĂ­ch a implantabilnĂ­ch zdravotnickĂœch pƙístrojĂ­ch stĂĄle roste. Tyto pƙístroje jsou napĂĄjeny bateriemi a k tomu, aby byla prodlouĆŸena jejich ĆŸivotnost, trend navrhovĂĄnĂ­ analogovĂœch obvodĆŻ směƙuje k stĂĄle větĆĄĂ­mu sniĆŸovĂĄnĂ­ spotƙeby a napĂĄjecĂ­ho napětĂ­. HlavnĂ­m pƙínosem tĂ©to prĂĄce je nĂĄvrh novĂœch CMOS struktur: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) na zĂĄkladě BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) a QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) na zĂĄkladě FG, transkonduktor na zĂĄkladě novĂ© techniky BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate), CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD (Gate Driven), VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě GD a DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) na zĂĄkladě BD. DĂĄle je uvedeno několik zajĂ­mavĂœch aplikacĂ­ uĆŸĂ­vajĂ­cĂ­ch vĂœĆĄe jmenovanĂ© prvky. ZĂ­skanĂ© vĂœsledky simulacĂ­ odpovĂ­dajĂ­ teoretickĂœm pƙedpokladĆŻm.The dissertation thesis deals with implementing new structures of modern active elements working in voltage_, current_, and mixed mode. The functionality and behavior of these elements have been verified by SPICE simulation. Sufficient numbers of simulated plots are included in this thesis to illustrate the precise and strong behavior of those elements. However, a big attention to implement active elements by utilizing LV LP (Low Voltage Low Power) techniques is given in this thesis. This attention came from the fact that growing demand of portable electronic equipments and implantable medical devices are pushing the development towards LV LP integrated circuits because of their influence on batteries lifetime. More specifically, the main contribution of this thesis is to implement new CMOS structures of: CCII (Current Conveyor Second Generation) based on BD (Bulk Driven), FG (Floating Gate) and QFG (Quasi Floating Gate); DVCC (Differential Voltage Current Conveyor) based on FG; Transconductor based on new technique of BD_QFG (Bulk Driven_Quasi Floating Gate); CCCDBA (Current Controlled Current Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on conventional GD (Gate Driven); VDBA (Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier) based on GD. Moreover, defining new active element i.e. DBeTA (Differential_Input Buffered and External Transconductance Amplifier) based on BD is also one of the main contributions of this thesis. To confirm the workability and attractive properties of the proposed circuits many applications were exhibited. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.
    corecore