Un análisis de enfoques de Validación de Requerimientos

En la actualidad, se observa que los sistemas de software son cada vez más complejos, por lo que las exigencias de calidad en el desarrollo deben ser mayores. Es necesario que el desarrollo de software sea más riguroso para obtener un producto de adecuada calidad. La identificación y tratamiento de errores en etapas tempranas del proyecto de software es crucial para disminuir los costos de operación y evitar errores en etapas posteriores del desarrollo. En el marco de la Ingeniería de Requerimientos (RE por sus siglas en inglés Requirements Engineering) la validación de los requerimientos es una tarea fundamental en cualquier proyecto de Ingeniería de Software y debe ser un proceso continuo en el ciclo de vida del desarrollo del sistema. El principal objetivo de la validación de requerimientos es confirmar que los requerimientos especificados sean representaciones de las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios y que además sean completos, correctos y consistentes entre otras características. Trabajar en la validación de requerimientos se está convirtiendo en un desafío para los equipos, clientes y usuarios. Existen diferentes causas que imponen problemas de comunicación, control, intercambio de conocimientos, confianza y retrasos en el desarrollo del software. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar información sobre las características asociadas al proceso de validación de requerimientos en el ciclo de vida del software: la naturaleza de la información Quién, Qué, Cuando, Por qué y Cómo validar los requerimientos. La identificación de información de los enfoques se realiza a través de una revisión bibliográfica y una evaluación de diversos enfoques de validación de requerimientos para obtener sus características, necesidades de información y restricciones.Facultad de Informátic

Understanding cognitive differences in processing competing visualizations of complex systems

Node-link diagrams are used represent systems having different elements and relationships among the elements. Representing the systems using visualizations like node-link diagrams provides cognitive aid to individuals in understanding the system and effectively managing these systems. Using appropriate visual tools aids in task completion by reducing the cognitive load of individuals in understanding the problems and solving them. However, the visualizations that are currently developed lack any cognitive processing based evaluation. Most of the evaluations (if any) are based on the result of tasks performed using these visualizations. Therefore, the evaluations do not provide any perspective from the point of the cognitive processing required in working with the visualization. This research focuses on understanding the effect of different visualization types and complexities on problem understanding and performance using a visual problem solving task. Two informationally equivalent but visually different visualizations - geon diagrams based on structural object perception theory and UML diagrams based on object modeling - are investigated to understand the cognitive processes that underlie reasoning with different types of visualizations. Specifically, the two visualizations are used to represent interdependent critical infrastructures. Participants are asked to solve a problem using the different visualizations. The effectiveness of the task completion is measured in terms of the time taken to complete the task and the accuracy of the result of the task. The differences in the cognitive processing while using the different visualizations are measured in terms of the search path and the search-steps of the individual. The results from this research underscore the difference in the effectiveness of the different diagrams in solving the same problem. The time taken to complete the task is significantly lower in geon diagrams. The error rate is also significantly lower when using geon diagrams. The search path for UML diagrams is more node-dominant but for geon diagrams is a distribution of nodes, links and components (combinations of nodes and links). Evaluation dominates the search-steps in geon diagrams whereas locating steps dominate UML diagrams. The results also show that the differences in search path and search steps for different visualizations increase when the complexity of the diagrams increase. This study helps to establish the importance of cognitive level understanding of the use of diagrammatic representation of information for visual problem solving. The results also highlight that measures of effectiveness of any visualization should include measuring the cognitive process of individuals while they are doing the visual task apart from the measures of time and accuracy of the result of a visual task

An empirical study of the effects of data model and query language on novice user query performance

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

EXPLOITING KASPAROV'S LAW: ENHANCED INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION IN DOD SIMULATION-BASED TRAINING ENVIRONMENTS

Despite recent advances in the representation of logistics considerations in DOD staff training and wargaming simulations, logistics information systems (IS) remain underrepresented. Unlike many command and control (C2) systems, which can be integrated with simulations through common protocols (e.g., OTH-Gold), many logistics ISs require manpower-intensive human-in-the-loop (HitL) processes for simulation-IS (sim-IS) integration. Where automated sim-IS integration has been achieved, it often does not simulate important sociotechnical system (STS) dynamics, such as information latency and human error, presenting decision-makers with an unrealistic representation of logistics C2 capabilities in context. This research seeks to overcome the limitations of conventional sim-IS interoperability approaches by developing and validating a new approach for sim-IS information exchange through robotic process automation (RPA). RPA software supports the automation of IS information exchange through ISs’ existing graphical user interfaces. This “outside-in” approach to IS integration mitigates the need for engineering changes in ISs (or simulations) for automated information exchange. In addition to validating the potential for an RPA-based approach to sim-IS integration, this research presents recommendations for a Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process (DSEEP) overlay to guide the engineering and execution of sim-IS environments.Major, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited