263 research outputs found
A Survey on Cellular-connected UAVs: Design Challenges, Enabling 5G/B5G Innovations, and Experimental Advancements
As an emerging field of aerial robotics, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have
gained significant research interest within the wireless networking research
community. As soon as national legislations allow UAVs to fly autonomously, we
will see swarms of UAV populating the sky of our smart cities to accomplish
different missions: parcel delivery, infrastructure monitoring, event filming,
surveillance, tracking, etc. The UAV ecosystem can benefit from existing 5G/B5G
cellular networks, which can be exploited in different ways to enhance UAV
communications. Because of the inherent characteristics of UAV pertaining to
flexible mobility in 3D space, autonomous operation and intelligent placement,
these smart devices cater to wide range of wireless applications and use cases.
This work aims at presenting an in-depth exploration of integration synergies
between 5G/B5G cellular systems and UAV technology, where the UAV is integrated
as a new aerial User Equipment (UE) to existing cellular networks. In this
integration, the UAVs perform the role of flying users within cellular
coverage, thus they are termed as cellular-connected UAVs (a.k.a. UAV-UE,
drone-UE, 5G-connected drone, or aerial user). The main focus of this work is
to present an extensive study of integration challenges along with key 5G/B5G
technological innovations and ongoing efforts in design prototyping and field
trials corroborating cellular-connected UAVs. This study highlights recent
progress updates with respect to 3GPP standardization and emphasizes
socio-economic concerns that must be accounted before successful adoption of
this promising technology. Various open problems paving the path to future
research opportunities are also discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures, 9 tables, 102 references, journal submissio
A Survey on Security and Privacy of 5G Technologies: Potential Solutions, Recent Advancements, and Future Directions
Security has become the primary concern in many telecommunications industries today as risks can have high consequences. Especially, as the core and enable technologies will be associated with 5G network, the confidential information will move at all layers in future wireless systems. Several incidents revealed that the hazard encountered by an infected wireless network, not only affects the security and privacy concerns, but also impedes the complex dynamics of the communications ecosystem. Consequently, the complexity and strength of security attacks have increased in the recent past making the detection or prevention of sabotage a global challenge. From the security and privacy perspectives, this paper presents a comprehensive detail on the core and enabling technologies, which are used to build the 5G security model; network softwarization security, PHY (Physical) layer security and 5G privacy concerns, among others. Additionally, the paper includes discussion on security monitoring and management of 5G networks. This paper also evaluates the related security measures and standards of core 5G technologies by resorting to different standardization bodies and provide a brief overview of 5G standardization security forces. Furthermore, the key projects of international significance, in line with the security concerns of 5G and beyond are also presented. Finally, a future directions and open challenges section has included to encourage future research.European CommissionNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityUpdate citation details during checkdate report - A
Distributed Robotic Systems in the Edge-Cloud Continuum with ROS 2: a Review on Novel Architectures and Technology Readiness
Robotic systems are more connected, networked, and distributed than ever. New
architectures that comply with the \textit{de facto} robotics middleware
standard, ROS\,2, have recently emerged to fill the gap in terms of hybrid
systems deployed from edge to cloud. This paper reviews new architectures and
technologies that enable containerized robotic applications to seamlessly run
at the edge or in the cloud. We also overview systems that include solutions
from extension to ROS\,2 tooling to the integration of Kubernetes and ROS\,2.
Another important trend is robot learning, and how new simulators and cloud
simulations are enabling, e.g., large-scale reinforcement learning or
distributed federated learning solutions. This has also enabled deeper
integration of continuous interaction and continuous deployment (CI/CD)
pipelines for robotic systems development, going beyond standard software unit
tests with simulated tests to build and validate code automatically. We discuss
the current technology readiness and list the potential new application
scenarios that are becoming available. Finally, we discuss the current
challenges in distributed robotic systems and list open research questions in
the field
Drone Networking in 6G Era - A Technology Overview
International audienceSixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are envisioned to be empowered with novel enabling technologies to guarantee ubiquitous coverage requirements, heterogeneous communication scenarios, improved network intelligence, spectral rates and security. 6G vision is not only limited to terrestrial networks, but also extends to non-terrestrial networks encompassing satellites and aerial networks, thus exploring a full spectra of heterogeneous communication links. In 6G scenarios, the role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is of paramount importance, as flying devices are expected to densely populate aerial space, providing an intermediate network layer between ground networks and space ones. As a vision of fully integrated 6G heterogeneous networks, ground, aerial and satellite networks will coexist, thus realizing space-air-ground integrated communication network for 6G scenarios. This work highlights several novel 6G enabling technologies, and presents the detailed study and evaluation of communication technology candidates from the perspective of aerial communication networks, key design considerations and technical challenges
A Survey on Energy Optimization Techniques in UAV-Based Cellular Networks: From Conventional to Machine Learning Approaches
Wireless communication networks have been witnessing an unprecedented demand
due to the increasing number of connected devices and emerging bandwidth-hungry
applications. Albeit many competent technologies for capacity enhancement
purposes, such as millimeter wave communications and network densification,
there is still room and need for further capacity enhancement in wireless
communication networks, especially for the cases of unusual people gatherings,
such as sport competitions, musical concerts, etc. Unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs) have been identified as one of the promising options to enhance the
capacity due to their easy implementation, pop up fashion operation, and
cost-effective nature. The main idea is to deploy base stations on UAVs and
operate them as flying base stations, thereby bringing additional capacity to
where it is needed. However, because the UAVs mostly have limited energy
storage, their energy consumption must be optimized to increase flight time. In
this survey, we investigate different energy optimization techniques with a
top-level classification in terms of the optimization algorithm employed;
conventional and machine learning (ML). Such classification helps understand
the state of the art and the current trend in terms of methodology. In this
regard, various optimization techniques are identified from the related
literature, and they are presented under the above mentioned classes of
employed optimization methods. In addition, for the purpose of completeness, we
include a brief tutorial on the optimization methods and power supply and
charging mechanisms of UAVs. Moreover, novel concepts, such as reflective
intelligent surfaces and landing spot optimization, are also covered to capture
the latest trend in the literature.Comment: 41 pages, 5 Figures, 6 Tables. Submitted to Open Journal of
Communications Society (OJ-COMS
Software-Driven and Virtualized Architectures for Scalable 5G Networks
In this dissertation, we argue that it is essential to rearchitect 4G cellular core networksâsitting between the Internet and the radio access networkâto meet the scalability, performance, and flexibility requirements of 5G networks. Today, there is a growing consensus among operators and research community that software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigms will be the key ingredients of the next-generation cellular networks. Motivated by these trends, we design and optimize three core network architectures, SoftMoW, SoftBox, and SkyCore, for different network scales, objectives, and conditions. SoftMoW provides global control over nationwide core networks with the ultimate goal of enabling new routing and mobility optimizations. SoftBox attempts to enhance policy enforcement in statewide core networks to enable low-latency, signaling-efficient, and customized services for mobile devices. Sky- Core is aimed at realizing a compact core network for citywide UAV-based radio networks that are going to serve first responders in the future. Network slicing techniques make it possible to deploy these solutions on the same infrastructure in parallel. To better support mobility and provide verifiable security, these architectures can use an addressing scheme that separates network locations and identities with self-certifying, flat and non-aggregatable address components. To benefit the proposed architectures, we designed a high-speed and memory-efficient router, called Caesar, for this type of addressing schemePHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146130/1/moradi_1.pd
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