Two-factor authentication for the Bitcoin protocol

We show how to realize two-factor authentication for a Bitcoin wallet employing the two-party ECDSA signature protocol adapted from MacKenzie & Reiter (2004). We also present a prototypic implementation of a Bitcoin wallet that offers both: two-factor authentication and verification over a separate channel. Since we use a smart phone as the second authentication factor, our solution can be used with hardware already available to most users and the user experience is quite similar to the existing online banking authentication methods

Challenges of the Bitcoin in the Arabic Countries

Recently, the world has seen the emergence of new phenomenal technology named crypto currency (Bitcoin) which is attracted to several international networkers across the globe. Yet, the Bitcoin was the online currency which is replaced the hard currency in a business online transaction and was accepted only by internet users so far. Though, this invisible currency was not allowed or even accepted in Arab world society because of religious circumstances or governmental consent. In this study, we tried to analyze the real challenges and necessitates that face the Bitcoin in the Arabian region. Therefore, the outcomes have been found that Islamic business rules somehow have restricted the using of the Bitcoin process in financial transactions. Furthermore, the lowest and highest service cost of internet represent the key consequences behind lessen of using Bitcoin. According to Google trends Data from 2013 to 2019, many Arabian-individuals did not know or even unfamiliar with the use of Bitcoin. Keywords: key words, Bitcoin; Arabic countries; Islamic; Internet services DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-6-18 Publication date:March 31st 201

Nano-drug Clinical Trials: Informed Consent and Risk Management Through Blockchain

Drug bearing nano-shells that can be utilized for targeted drug delivery have been shown to enhance the therapeutic index by increasing the dug concentration in diseased tissue and reducing the toxicity in normal tissue.  The controllability of the drug bearing shell size provides predictability measure for the amount of drug payload per shell which improves the administration of the therapeutic dose.  The FDA approved different formulations for clinical use in metastatic and recurrent breast cancer, among other diseases.  At the moment, some of these formulations are the subject of international clinical trials.  Informed consent is legally mandated in administering drug bearing nano-shells.  The risks of the new formulations, as with all new technologies, are not well known and are continue to be a subject of intensive research, thus exacerbating the existing informed consent legal issues, thus exacerbating the existing informed consent legal issues.  This short essay focuses on proposing a framework to mitigate liabilities administering a new formulation on nano-enabled drug carriers particularly when uncertainties of the benefits and damages are not fully known.

COVID-19 Vaccines and their Pitfalls in Informed Consent

The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as a global health crisis. The search for a coronavirus vaccine escalated to a global competition. Drugs for other diseases as well as new formulations are proposed as potential candidates for the treatment or intervention of coronavirus. Almost all pharmaceutically able countries are pursuing potential vaccines. At the time of writing this article, two vaccines are already marketed and tested with promising interim results. Both vaccines use messenger RNA (mRNA) encapsulated in a lipid nanocarrier. Under ordinary circumstances, clinical trial authorizations oblige sponsors to disclose all risks to volunteers in order to formulate an informed knowledgeable decision. This however has been subject to exceptions during the pandemic. The mRNA-based vaccine has been rushed in unprecedented record speed to human clinical efficacy evaluation. This raises a number of questions related to the validity of volunteers’ free and informed consent. The present article argues that informed consent of all risks as well as the protection of volunteers’ personal data constitute concrete obligations under human rights law that cannot be derogated from in times of emergency – such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it suggests a risk governance framework through blockchain for international vaccine testing clinical trials

CCA Secure encryption supporting authorized equality test on ciphertexts in standard model and its applications

Singapore National Research Foundatio

Society trapped in the network : does it have a future?

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