Fronthaul evolution: From CPRI to Ethernet

It is proposed that using Ethernet in the fronthaul, between base station baseband unit (BBU) pools and remote radio heads (RRHs), can bring a number of advantages, from use of lower-cost equipment, shared use of infrastructure with fixed access networks, to obtaining statistical multiplexing and optimised performance through probe-based monitoring and software-defined networking. However, a number of challenges exist: ultra-high-bit-rate requirements from the transport of increased bandwidth radio streams for multiple antennas in future mobile networks, and low latency and jitter to meet delay requirements and the demands of joint processing. A new fronthaul functional division is proposed which can alleviate the most demanding bit-rate requirements by transport of baseband signals instead of sampled radio waveforms, and enable statistical multiplexing gains. Delay and synchronisation issues remain to be solved

Utilizing Call Detail Records for Travel Mode Discovery in Urban Areas

Mobile network operators often bill their customers based on their network usage. For this purpose, operators collect information about billable events, such as calls, text messages, and data usage. In recent years, operators have realized that they can monetize these billing records by selling insights extracted from them. In this thesis, a multi-stage data analysis algorithm is presented that uses these billing records for travel mode classification. This algorithm identifies whether a mobile phone user has traveled using a public transportation bus or using another transportation mode. The billing records collected by a network operator contain the time at which a billable event happened, as well as the network cell from which the event originated. The coverage area of each network cell is known to the operator. Therefore, the billing records of a mobile phone user give an overview of that user’s approximate location at different times. This data can be used to discover the sequence of network cells that the user has traveled through during a trip. Travel mode classification algorithms in literature analyze long-distance or medium- distance trips. The data analysis algorithm presented in this thesis is novel for analyzing and classifying short-distance, intra-city trips. To classify mobility traces, it uses publicly available bus timetable data and road network infrastructure data. The accuracy of the classification algorithm is evaluated using a two-fold cross-validation analysis

Exploration Of New Methods In Long Distance Transportation Data Collection And Tourism Travel In Vermont

ABSTRACT Human transportation patterns have continued to shift and increase in rate as technology has made travel between spatially disparate locations more feasible. These movements are responsible for approximately one third of global carbon emissions, and account for one half of Vermont’s greenhouse gas output. Modeling transportation behaviors is difficult due to changing travel patterns and issues of surveying human participants. Long distance travel patterns are especially difficult and have not received the attention that urban mobility has within the literature. In this Masters thesis, I describe current methods of transportation data collection and propose new methods, as well as attempt to quantify the impact on Vermont’s roadways of the transportation-based tourism sector. In the first chapter of this thesis, I describe a GPS-based travel survey conducted over the course of one year, coupled with interview data of long distance trips undertaken by 10 participants. Long distance travel has historically been underrepresented in travel surveying due to its infrequency, resulting in decreased likelihood of capturing a long distance trip in a short travel study. By extracting points at intervals from the GPS dataset, it becomes possible to determine accuracy of trip matching between the two datasets with adjusted data collection methods. The second chapter examines transportation related to tourism in Vermont. As one of Vermont’s largest industry sectors, economic impact has been of particular interest to state planners. However, limited analyses of the transportation impacts of this sector are currently available. My research models route choice of drive through tourists, whom constitute 40% of visitors, attempting to begin quantifying tourist mileage and CO2 emissions within the state. Together, these studies expand knowledge on long distance transport data collection and the role of tourism in Vermont’s transportation mileage