Research on Real Time Traffic Information Data Model and Its Data Transmit

Real-time of geographic information system for transportation (GIS-T) is one of the essential conditions to alleviate the traffic jam and guide the traffic flow rationally. In order to make it convenient for sharing and maintaining data, this paper structures the independent real-time traffic information database, seamless merging real-time traffic information and GIS data through data fusion method. In order to realize this purpose, the paper research on baseline network data model, baseline network is composed of base points and baselines. Base points are exclusive locating on the road network, which can be determined in field, and also can be resumed. Baseline is line element, which replaces traffic event, the baseline locate road network by the point, and therefore, it is easy to realize data share for various linear reference system. According to the data model, designing structure and introducing data transmit flow of the Geographic Information System for Transportation. Key words: Data Model; Data Fusion; GIS; Traffic Information This paper is supported by the Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, and professor DE-JUN WAN and professor QING WAN

Urban-Focused Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS)

This Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS) is the outgrowth of a long running effort by the John S. Watson Institute for Public Policy at Thomas Edison State College (Watson Institute) to support economic and community development in New Jersey with a particular focus on urban areas in need of revitalization. The Watson Institute was previously awarded a United States Economic Development Administration (USEDA) grant to complete an economic analysis of the North Central New Jersey Region. The USEDA approved that analysis and awarded additional funds to continue our work, culminating in this CEDS plan. Several years ago, the Watson Institute recognized that there was an opportunity and need to engage in regional economic development planning and cooperation amongst members of the New Jersey Urban Mayors Association. Rapidly advancing technology and economies necessitate partnerships amongst local governments, non-profits, private firms, and universities to address broad economic development problems and reach long-term goals. Although many of the municipalities participating in the CEDS effort are not contiguous, they nonetheless share histories that have led to their current problems. Allowing geographic boundaries to limit the extent of opportunity is no longer a viable option for regions that want to see broad based and sustainable economic growth. The purpose of a CEDS is to bring together the public, non- profit, and private sectors to establish a comprehensive framework for economic growth and revitalization in a region. In this case, the “Region” is defined as 19 specific municipalities within a seven-county area of the state, including: Asbury Park, Bayonne, Bloomfield, East Orange, Elizabeth, Hoboken, Irvington, Jersey City, Lakewood, Neptune, New Brunswick, Newark, Orange, Passaic, Paterson, Perth Amboy, Plainfield, Roselle and Woodbridge. The geographic composition of this CEDS is unique in that the Region is not strictly speaking contiguous. What binds our Region together are the threads of common issues, opportunities, constraints, and the hope that, collectively, the communities can create solutions that would otherwise not be obtained individually. One of the most significant binding events of this region’s recent history is Superstorm Sandy. Minimizing disruption from natural disaster events is critical to any economic development goals and objectives of a community. There are a wide variety of reports and recommendations available to municipalities in helping them develop resiliency plans that are customized to meet the needs of their community. Discussions regarding resilient infrastructure have been an ongoing theme during this urban focused CEDS, and is reflected in several projects and initiatives focused on resiliency as well as it being a theme in projects that are not necessarily resiliency focused, but incorporate resiliency elements to reduce the stress put on other systems. Two of the more forward thinking projects included as part of resiliency strategies in this CEDS are the City of Hoboken’s flood wall and the Township of Woodbridge’s plan for a township wide microgrid. Although discussion about resiliency in general tends to focus on natural disaster, this CEDS discussion on resiliency also encompassed a wide variety of activities and topics. When at all possible, resilience focused projects should incorporate other resiliency related elements The steering committee met many times over the course of several years, for both the economic base analysis and for this CEDS plan. Steering committee members included representatives and officials from each community; non-profit organizations such as universities, community colleges, libraries and community-based organizations; and representatives of the private sector ranging from Fortune 100 corporations to small businesses. The steering committee’s work culminated in the Action Plan. The Action Plan serves as the roadmap that the Watson Institute, together with the New Jersey Urban Mayors Association and the CEDS steering committee itself, will use to implement sustainable economic development in the Region’s constituent municipalities. The challenges faced by the steering committee in formulating the CEDS plan were commensurate with those faced by each of the communities. The goals and objectives include: Enhancing, preserving and making resilient critical infrastructure assets; Promoting small business development; Addressing persistent and complex workforce issues; Marketing effectively to attract new businesses, residents and tourists; Promulgating best practices in economic development across all 19 communities; Providing adequate implementation assistance to execute the CEDS plan. The steering committee engaged in many planning exercises, including stakeholder and issues mapping, brainstorming, resource assessments, inventorying existing networks and programs, etc. The consulting team brought data, national economic development experience and certain stakeholder engagement techniques to elicit creative, non-linear thinking. The Watson Institute provided a Senior Fellow to meet and communicate with each community individually on multiple occasions to understand specific needs and encourage participation in the process. Following all these efforts, the steering committee agreed that, to be included in the CEDS plan, each action has to meet the following criteria: It must address one of the critical goals/objectives identified above, It must be realistic, clear and actionable, It must either require few local resources to implement or have a funding source identified, It must have a real and sustainable impact, and, It should be relatively short term to show progress and generate enthusiasm, It should be something that, if successful, can be quickly replicated across all 19 communities, It should have performance metrics that can be tracked and reported on. These criteria weighed considerably on the process and the steering committee’s deliberations. Unlike a “traditional” CEDS vested at the County or State level, with existing power structures and funding sources, this CEDS relies on the power of persuasion; the more effective utilization of existing resources; and the ability to realign stakeholders in a truly novel way

Pursuing Environmental Justice: Obstacles and Opportunities - Lessons from the Field

This article argues that the clinic‘s clients and similarly situated grassroots groups pursue litigation because the laws do not adequately protect them from pollution at the neighborhood level. Environmental lawsuits filed by such groups result from the conclusion that there is too much pollution in the neighborhood—there is elevated background pollution, violations of environmental laws contribute to excess pollution, and litigation is one of the few ways to redress the distributive injustice resulting from pollution created by multiple sources

Current status and management of scientific information relating to Indian environment

To address the important challenge of taking good care of India’s environment, we require substantial, good quality, and reliable information. Unfortunately, such information is in very short supply. Most of it is collected through the state machinery. With a few notable exceptions like India Meteorological Department and the Indian Space Research Organization, the agencies involved exhibit a number of shortcomings. These include: (1) Failure to maintain records, (2) Very patchy, incomplete information, (3) Suppression of accurate information, (4) Deliberately falsified information, (5) Failure to make information publicly available, and (6) Failure to involve public in generating useful information. Three significant avenues for involving the public in generating useful environmental information, namely, preparation of ward-wise Environmental Status Reports by Local Bodies under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, preparation of People’s Biodiversity Registers by Local Bodies under Biological Diversity Act, and compilation of information generated through student projects under educational system-wide compulsory Environmental Education courses are being scarcely tapped. To address this challenge, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MOEF&CC) established around 1983 an Environmental Information System whose 68 centers focus on newsletters, research papers, court orders, etc. and little on useable environmental databases. In view of this inadequacy MOEF & CC started a new environmental information facility called the Environmental Information Centre in 2002. Regretfully EIC has altogether stopped functioning around 2010. Evidently, the prevalent exclusionary culture of bureaucratic management of information cannot be maintained in the modern, open democratic society of India. In response, the Government has promulgated the National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy and set up a Nataional Spatial Data Infrastructure. This ought to lead to a sustained effort to geocode environmental information and make it available as GIS ready datasets. To this end, we need to start a fresh initiative to create a new Environment Infromation Infrastructure that can act as an umbrella platform to collate and disseminate environmental information in the country . We must also strive towards creating partnerships with public sector and private sector digital platforms, in particular (a) ISRO’s Bhuvan and (b) Google Public Data Explorer. To these proposals, we must now add one more dimension, namely, that the information system should not only be publicly accessible, but be a participatory system involving all interested citizens. It should be broad in scope and involve not only various Central and State Government agencies, but also all the Local Bodies and organizations such as industries and mines that are expected to document their pertinent activities. However, the fact that with the notable exception of the Sikkim springs programme of the Government of Sikkim, several long-standing opportunities such as Biological Diversity Act have so far not led to any concrete actions, indicates that the citizens must step in and take the initiative on their own. Such a people’s movement for making good environmental information openly available could very effectively piggyback on the hugely successful Wikipedia experiment

Analysis of land use planning approach for airport noise mitigation

Successful airport operations require effective noise control by both the airport proprietor and local governments. Land use planning approaches are considered to be the effective measure for airport noise mitigation. The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of airport noise on land use and the effectiveness of available land use planning approaches for land use changes. This research also analyzes noise abatement policies and regulations and liability for the noise emission at airports. In order to examine the impacts of airport noise on land use and the effectiveness of available land use planning approaches for land use changes, a case study is conducted at the Des Moines International Airport (DSM), Des Moines, Iowa. Noise exposure conditions at DSM both in 1989 and 2000 are examined. After identifying noise conditions, their impacts in terms of population, dwelling units, and residential land use areas are analyzed. Then, the study analyzes the effects of land use planning approaches by examining the spatial correspondence between the actual land use pattern and the land use pattern identified in the land use planning approaches. Zoning and land use plans are selected as land use planning approaches for this case study. The noise impact analysis and the effectiveness of land use planning approaches are conducted by utilizing Integrated Noise Model, an aircraft noise modeling software, and Arc View, a Geographic Information System software. The case study of the Des Moines International Airport (DSM) revealed that noise exposure conditions significantly improved during one decade. This improvement contributed to a reduction of noise for affected population and residential areas. The results of the analysis of the effectiveness of zoning and land use plans showed that overall land use patterns changed in the direction of land use patterns identified in the land use plan and zoning map. Actual land use patterns in this area did not change against the land use patterns identified in the land use plans and zoning. These results imply that land use planning approach is a relatively important tool to mitigate noise pollution around an airport

The Egyptian National Anti-Trafficking Law ‘Adoption Process and Assessment’

This thesis is about the impact of Egyptian national laws on the protection of African migrants and refugees. Egypt has been considered a transit country for African migrants and refugees fleeing their countries toward European countries or Israel in the past due to its specific geographic location. For that reason, Egypt is considered one of the essential parts of the trafficking process in the middle east. For that reason, it is essential to study and explore how the Egyptian government is controlling and governing the trafficking of persons. In addition, it is important to understand its institutional setup and framework to adhere to the international frameworks against this crime. Moreover, the role of non-Governmental organizations, Civil Society, and United Nations organizations in implementing and governing the Egyptian national law for the victim of trafficking on its territory

Judicial Policing of Consumer Arbitration

Adhesive consumer arbitration agreements pose questions that go beyond the problems of adhesion contracting generally. This essay describes why standard-form consumer arbitration requirements may be particularly troublesome. Despite its superficial neutrality, arbitration between individual consumers and business entities may be systematically more favorable to the business entities. The rules of arbitration law, however, inhibit effective judicial policing of the consequences of those inequalities. The federal sources of arbitration law further diminish the ability of state-based contract law to police the more subtle abuses. The result is a particularly difficult jurisprudential problem with a specially weakened legal solution. This essay offers, in very general terms, a framework for thinking about this problem, focusing on the role of judicial oversight in a world of privatized dispute resolution