44,780 research outputs found
Mining Fix Patterns for FindBugs Violations
In this paper, we first collect and track a large number of fixed and unfixed
violations across revisions of software.
The empirical analyses reveal that there are discrepancies in the
distributions of violations that are detected and those that are fixed, in
terms of occurrences, spread and categories, which can provide insights into
prioritizing violations.
To automatically identify patterns in violations and their fixes, we propose
an approach that utilizes convolutional neural networks to learn features and
clustering to regroup similar instances. We then evaluate the usefulness of the
identified fix patterns by applying them to unfixed violations.
The results show that developers will accept and merge a majority (69/116) of
fixes generated from the inferred fix patterns. It is also noteworthy that the
yielded patterns are applicable to four real bugs in the Defects4J major
benchmark for software testing and automated repair.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Transactions on Software Engineerin
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Social networking and open educational resources: updating quality assurance for e-learning excellence
Quality assurance approaches in higher education are well-established, but it is important to develop methods which are applicable to the domain of e-learning. The E-xcellence methodology (EADTU, 2009a) was therefore designed to assess the quality of e-learning in distance learning and blended learning contexts. The methodology is based around a set of benchmarks, supported by a practitioner handbook and a web-based âQuickScanâ self-evaluation tool. Experience shows that the E-xcellence methodology is particularly valuable for the process of improvement through collaborative internal review.
E-learning has evolved since the E-xcellence methodology was first developed. In particular, there is increasing awareness and use of open education resources (OERs) and social networking. However, these aspects were not explicit in the original E-xcellence resources. The E-xcellence Next project was therefore established to update the resources, incorporating these developments. To begin this process, a consultation was carried out among E-xcellence Next project members, followed by a participatory workshop on the themes of social networking and OERs. The E-xcellence resources were also used in a series of self-evaluation seminars held at European higher education institutions. Experience and feedback from these activities has been used to update the manual, the benchmarks and the QuickScan tool. The result is a set of quality assurance resources which encompass social networking, OERs and other recent developments in e-learning
On Productivity Measurement and Interpretation: Some Insights on Italy in the European Context. LEQS Paper No. 142/2019 March 2019
Over the period 1995â2016, the Italian performance in terms of productivity was poor in
historical terms and in comparison with its main international partners. This issue goes beyond
Italy, with declining productivity growth observed, from the second half of the nineties, in
several other advanced economies. Possible explanations for the slowdown include factors
such as lower capital investment by firms, decreased competition, excessive regulation, and
capital misallocation. The diffuse slowing rates of measured productivity growth has also
raised questions on whether GDP and output current compilation methods are adequate (i.e.
the mis-measurement hypothesis). The âICT revolutionâ has created new ways of exchanging
and providing goods and services as result of increased connectivity. These developments
challenge the way economic activity is traditionally measured. There are also measurement
problems associated with estimating output and input volumes especially related to the quality
of price indexes for some products and services. These problems have an impact on
productivity estimates and might impair international comparability. In this paper, we intend to
investigate what the core problems in productivity measurement and interpretation are in the
European context, with a specific focus on Italy
SZZ Unleashed: An Open Implementation of the SZZ Algorithm -- Featuring Example Usage in a Study of Just-in-Time Bug Prediction for the Jenkins Project
Numerous empirical software engineering studies rely on detailed information
about bugs. While issue trackers often contain information about when bugs were
fixed, details about when they were introduced to the system are often absent.
As a remedy, researchers often rely on the SZZ algorithm as a heuristic
approach to identify bug-introducing software changes. Unfortunately, as
reported in a recent systematic literature review, few researchers have made
their SZZ implementations publicly available. Consequently, there is a risk
that research effort is wasted as new projects based on SZZ output need to
initially reimplement the approach. Furthermore, there is a risk that newly
developed (closed source) SZZ implementations have not been properly tested,
thus conducting research based on their output might introduce threats to
validity. We present SZZ Unleashed, an open implementation of the SZZ algorithm
for git repositories. This paper describes our implementation along with a
usage example for the Jenkins project, and conclude with an illustrative study
on just-in-time bug prediction. We hope to continue evolving SZZ Unleashed on
GitHub, and warmly invite the community to contribute
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