Revisão narrativa de modelos finitos em alinhadores

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizOrthodontics is an area of dentistry that has expanded greatly in recent years. Clear aligners have become a highly requested option in orthodontic treatment due to their aesthetics and comfort, however, the predictability of tooth movement in invisible orthodontics has always been a concern. Over the last decades new advances in modern technology have introduced finite element analysis. Finite element analysis is described as a tool that allows clinicians to recognize beforehand the changes that surface during orthodontic treatment and that may potentially furthermore affect the tooth, alveolar bone, and the periodontium. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the role of the finite element model in orthodontics, and how the predictability of this computerized method has contributed to a higher success in clear aligner technologies. A bibliographic collection will be carried out in the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, SciELO, NCBI, and Springer Nature, of scientific articles published in the last 10 years in English, Portuguese, and Spanish with the keywords: “finite elements in invisalign”, “orthodontics”, “finite elements orthodontics”, “finite elements in clear aligners”. The clear aligner market has experienced significant growth in recent years, with more patients opting for an aesthetic alternative to traditional braces. However, the success of clear aligner treatment relies heavily on aligner design and dental tooth movement predictability. Literature suggests finite element analysis is a powerful tool for simulating and analyzing the mechanical behavior of materials and structures, allowing for virtual trial and error, while minimizing the need for extensive clinical adjustments. As this technology continues to evolve, it is important for professionals to stay informed and educated on the latest advancements. By embracing these advancements, we can further enhance the benefits of clear aligner treatments and continue to provide our patients with the highest level of care.A ortodontia é uma área da medicina dentária que teve uma grande expansão nos últimos anos. Os alinhadores transparentes tornaram-se uma opção muito solicitada no tratamento ortodonticos devido à sua estética e conforto, no entanto, a previsibilidade dos movimentos dentários em ortodontia invisível sempre foi e é uma preocupação. Nas últimas décadas, novos avanços na tecnologia, introduziram a análise de elementos finitos. A análise de elementos finitos é descrita como uma ferramenta que permite aos clínicos reconhecer de antemão as mudanças que surgem durante o tratamento ortodôntico e que podem potencialmente afetar o dente, o osso alveolar e o periodonto. O sucesso do tratamento com alinhadores transparentes depende muito do design do alinhador e da previsibilidade do movimento dentário. A literatura sugere que a análise de elementos finitos é uma ferramenta poderosa para simular e analisar o comportamento mecânico de materiais e estruturas, permitindo tentativa e erro virtual, ao mesmo tempo que minimiza a necessidade de ajustes clínicos extensos. À medida que esta tecnologia continua a evoluir, é importante que os profissionais se mantenham informados e educados sobre os avanços mais recentes. Ao abraçar esses avanços, podemos aumentar ainda mais os benefícios dos tratamentos com alinhadores transparentes e continuar a fornecer aos nossos pacientes o mais alto nível de eficácia. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa é avaliar o papel do modelo de elementos finitos em ortodontia e como a previsibilidade desse método computadorizado contribuiu para um maior sucesso nas tecnologias de alinhadores transparentes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos motores de busca, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, SciELO, NCBI e Springer Nature, de artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos em Inglês, Português e Espanhol com as palavras-chave: “finite elements in invisalign”, “orthodontics”, “finite elements orthodontics”, “finite elements in clear aligners”

Towards Creating a Model of IoT to be used in Library Activities for Saudi Arabia\u27s Taibah University

The library must create a replacement organisation system in instruction to swap the existing system with the new one. There are several details why library operates need to adopt a new scheme, including the following: I have lost a lot of info on library books. The lack of familiarity with the literature Difficulty deciphering the fine print of library operations because of a sluggish system Difficulty in maintaining current information. Apart from orientation, the user interfaces are pleasant, and retraining was required. The researcher suggests that this approach be used on an ongoing basis to ensure the continued provision of library services. Other management responsibilities include serials and magazines, as well as reservations book, e-mail notice, and automated reminder, as well as the use of bar codes, scanners, and labels, as well as the custom of regularity identification tags to reduce book theft. Additionally, it is suggested that the library system engage in online surfing to enable users to access books and courses through the internet. The proposed research project would contribute to the development of a model IoT application for library operations at TIBA University in Saudi Arabia. The new system will manage and regulate all library information, resolving the aforementioned issues while also providing numerous advantages to staff and students

General Purpose Technologies and Productivity Surges: Historical Reflections on the Future of the ICT Revolution

Presented to the International Symposium on ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, Oxford, England, 2nd-4th July, 1999 Celebrating the Scholarly Career of Charles H. Feinstein, FBA. Re- examination of early twentieth century American productivity growth experience sheds light on the general phenomenon of recurring prolonged swings in total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate experienced in the advanced industrial economies. After a “productivity slowdown” lasting more than a quarter of a century (during which TFP for in the manufacturing sector grew at less than 1 percent per annum, industrial TFP surged to average 6 percent per annum during 1919-29. This contributed substantially to the absolute and relative rise of the US domestic economy’s TFP residual, and in many respects it may be seen as the opening of the high-growth era that persisted into the 1970s. The productivity surge marked the culminating phase in the diffusion of “the dynamo” as a general purpose technology (GPT); that saw a shift in the underlying technological regime brought about by the implementation of critical engineering and organizational advances originating in some two decades earlier. Closer analysis reveals the significant concurrence of the factory electrification movement in this period with important structural changes that were taking place in US labor markets; in addition, there were significant complementarities between managerial and organizational innovations and the new dynamo-based factory technology, on the one hand, and, and the reinforcement of both kinds of innovation by the macroeconomic conditions of the 1920s. This more complicated, historical view of the dynamics of GPT diffusion is supported by comparisons of the US experience of factory electrification with the developments taking place in Japanese industry during the 1920’s, and in the UK manufacturing sector during the 1930’s. Concluding sections of the paper reflect on the analogies and contrasts between the historical case of a socio-economic regime transition involving the electric dynamo and the modern experience of the information and communications technology (ICT) revolution. Our formulation the GPT concept in explicitly historical terms contributes to explaining the paradoxical phenomenon of the late twentieth century productivity slowdown in the US. It also points to some contemporary portents of a future phase of more rapid ICT-based growth in total factor productivity.

Understanding Digital Technology’s Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth: Present and Future in the Mirror of the Past

Three styles of explanation have been advanced by economists seeking to account for the so-called 'productivity paradox'. The coincidence of a persisting slowdown in the growth of measured total factor productivity (TFP) in the US, since the mid-1970's, with the wave of information technology (It) innovations, is said by some to be an illusion due to the mismeasurement of real output growth; by others to expose the mistaken expectations about the benefits of computerization; and by still others to reflect the amount of time, and the volume of intangible investments in 'learning', and the time required for ancillary innovations that allow the new digital technologies to be applied in ways that are reflected in measured productivity growth. This paper shows that rather than viewing these as competing hypotheses, the dynamics of the transition to a new technological and economic regime based upon a general purpose technology (GPT) should be understood to be likely to give rise to all three 'effects.' It more fully articulates and supports this thesis, which was first advanced in the 'computer and dynamo' papers by David (1990, 1991). The relevance of that historical experience is re-asserted and supported by further evidence rebutting skeptics who have argued that the diffusion of electrification and computerization have little in common. New evidence is produced about the links between IT use, mass customization, and the upward bias of output price deflators arising from the method used to 'chain in' new products prices. The measurement bias due to the exclusion of intangible investments from the scope of the official national product accounts also is examined. Further, it is argued that the development of the general-purpose PC delayed the re-organization of businesses along lines that would have more directly raised task productivity, even though the technologies yielded positive 'revenue productivity' gains for large companies. The paper concludes by indicating the emerging technical and organizational developments that are likely to deliver a sustained surge of measured TFP growth during the decades that lie immediately ahead.

Repair As Research: How Copyright Impedes Learning About Devices

Widespread computerization and ubiquitous smart devices have enabled software-based copyright governance to reach into new domains. Beyond their instrumental utility, these devices are also containers of vast amounts of information in the form of software and technical know-how. Through copyright and anti-circumvention rules, however, this information can be cordoned off and confined to exclusive distribution channels. This can have a significant impact on research. While copyright law traditionally conceives research as the use of expressive works within institutional settings, this paper proposes a broader conceptualization that includes device research, including informal inquiries and DIY activities. Whether for the purposes of modification, repair, user innovation, or testing, device research involves the analytical engagement with physical devices. With a particular focus on repair-related activities as a modality of device research, this paper refers to product teardowns, reverse engineering, security research, and testing analyses. It then looks to case studies that exemplify the ways in which copyright can impede this type of research. In highlighting the conceptual overlap between the Right to Repair and Right to Research movements, the authors propose that a broader concept of research in copyright that includes device research could normatively reinforce and bolster support for a Right to Research in international copyright law

E-Grocer Strategies: A Case Study

The recent bankruptcy of the eGrocer Webvan demonstrates that online retailers face enormous risks and hence need well thought out business strategies (Porter, 2001). This paper presents a longitudinal study of the business strategies of two eGrocers that use physical stores to house their Internet-based grocery operations (clicks-and-bricks) and two online only (pure-play) eGrocers. Our study results in a number of recommendations for successful eGrocer strategy configuration. Even though we focus on eGrocer’s strategies, we suggest that the lessons learned are of interest to other retailers planning to embark on eCommerce activities