A graph theory based energy routing algorithm in Energy Local Area Network (e-LAN)

The energy internet concept has been considered as a new development stage of the Smart Grid, which aims to increase the energy transmission efficiency and optimise the energy dispatching in time and space. Energy router is a core device in the energy internet and it connects all the devices together into a net structure and manages power flows among them. The research work presented in this paper described the energy router’s structure and function expectations from the network perspective, and improved the existing energy router design. Open-shortest-path first (OSPF) protocol and virtual circuit switching mode are referenced from the Internet in the energy local area network (e-LAN) design. This paper proposed a design of an energy routing algorithm based on graph theory in an e-LAN. A lowest-cost routing selection algorithm is designed according to the features of power transmission, and a source selection and routing design algorithm is proposed for very heavy load conditions. Both algorithms have been verified by case analyses

DIN Spec 91345 RAMI 4.0 compliant data pipelining: An approach to support data understanding and data acquisition in smart manufacturing environments

Today, data scientists in the manufacturing domain are confronted with a set of challenges associated to data acquisition as well as data processing including the extraction of valuable in-formation to support both, the work of the manufacturing equipment as well as the manufacturing processes behind it. One essential aspect related to data acquisition is the pipelining, including various commu-nication standards, protocols and technologies to save and transfer heterogenous data. These circumstances make it hard to understand, find, access and extract data from the sources depend-ing on use cases and applications. In order to support this data pipelining process, this thesis proposes the use of the semantic model. The selected semantic model should be able to describe smart manufacturing assets them-selves as well as to access their data along their life-cycle. As a matter of fact, there are many research contributions in smart manufacturing, which already came out with reference architectures or standards for semantic-based meta data descrip-tion or asset classification. This research builds upon these outcomes and introduces a novel se-mantic model-based data pipelining approach using as a basis the Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0).Hoje em dia, os cientistas de dados no domínio da manufatura são confrontados com várias normas, protocolos e tecnologias de comunicação para gravar, processar e transferir vários tipos de dados. Estas circunstâncias tornam difícil compreender, encontrar, aceder e extrair dados necessários para aplicações dependentes de casos de utilização, desde os equipamentos aos respectivos processos de manufatura. Um aspecto essencial poderia ser um processo de canalisação de dados incluindo vários normas de comunicação, protocolos e tecnologias para gravar e transferir dados. Uma solução para suporte deste processo, proposto por esta tese, é a aplicação de um modelo semântico que descreva os próprios recursos de manufactura inteligente e o acesso aos seus dados ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Muitas das contribuições de investigação em manufatura inteligente já produziram arquitecturas de referência como a RAMI 4.0 ou normas para a descrição semântica de meta dados ou classificação de recursos. Esta investigação baseia-se nestas fontes externas e introduz um novo modelo semântico baseado no Modelo de Arquitectura de Referência para Indústria 4.0 (RAMI 4.0), em conformidade com a abordagem de canalisação de dados no domínio da produção inteligente como caso exemplar de utilização para permitir uma fácil exploração, compreensão, descoberta, selecção e extracção de dados

Sistema de gestión de energía descentralizado basado en multiagentes para operación de múltiples microrredes

Microgrids have experienced a significant development in recent years because they represent a technical alternative to respond to contingencies in electrical distribution networks and increase the level of distributed generation, among other benefits. The objective of this study is to design an architecture based on multi-agent systems that can be used to manage the operating mode of a distributed microgrid system in an islanded environment. In such architecture, the correct connection of the common bus that links all the microgrids with the multi-agent system is maintained, and overloads and deep discharges in the batteries are avoided. The methodology implemented here is empirical-analytical. The simulation is based on a review of the state of the art that was conducted to find a strategy that can coordinate a composite microgrid system where the microgrids are connected to the same distribution system operating in islanded mode. The system was simulated using OpenDSS-G and Python. The results obtained suggest that a decentralized energy management system based on the theory of multi-agent systems can have important benefits; for example, the autonomous nature of microgrids for power generation in non-interconnected areas. Finally, multi-agent theory can be employed to create more reliable distributed generation systems (due to their autonomous decision-making capacity), meet the electrical demands of neighboring microgrids, and jointly prevent overcharges and deep discharges in batteries.En años recientes, las microrredes han logrado un considerable desarrollo debido a que representan una alternativa técnica para responder a contingencias en la red de distribución, como también a incrementar el nivel de generación distribuida, entre otros beneficios. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo presenta un modelo de gestión energética basado en sistemas multiagentes para microrredes que operan en modo isla. El objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño de un sistema multiagente que permita gestionar el funcionamiento de un conjunto de microrredes distribuidas en un entorno aislado, además de mantener la correcta conexión con el bus común que une todas las microrredes, el sistema multiagente debe evitar sobrecargas y descargas profundas en las baterías. La metodología implementada es de tipo empírico analítica, la simulación comienza con una revisión del estado del arte, en búsqueda de una estrategia que permita coordinar un sistema de microrredes compuesto, donde estas están conectadas al mismo sistema de distribución operando en modo isla. La simulación del sistema se realizó mediante OpenDSS-G y Python. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que un sistema de gestión de energía descentralizado, basado en la teoría de sistemas de agentes múltiples, puede tener importantes beneficios como, por ejemplo, el carácter autónomo de las microrredes para la generación de energía en zonas no interconectadas. Finalmente, con la teoría de multiagente se pueden crear sistemas de generación distribuida más confiables debido a su capacidad autónoma de toma de decisiones, para cubrir demandas eléctricas desde microrredes vecinas y conjuntamente prevenir sobrecargas y profundas descargas en las baterías

Power peak shaving with data transmission delays for thermal management in smart buildings

This paper presents a scheme aimed at mitigating the influence of random data transmission delays in networked thermal appliance control systems in smart buildings. The impact of this type of delays is first analyzed, and it is proposed to utilize loose timing synchronization and add blank gaps between the consecutive appliance operations to avoid the possible violation of the given power budget. A cooperative control of thermal appliance operation is developed using a networked Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based controller to deal with delays. It is also shown that the schedulability of such a control scheme can be assessed online. The performance of the proposed control scheme is assessed by a simulation study based on the thermal dynamics of an eight-room office building. The obtained results show that the proposed solution can achieve an efficient power peaks shaving in the presence of random network delays