Automatic 3D Building Detection and Modeling from Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds

Urban reconstruction, with an emphasis on man-made structure modeling, is an active research area with broad impact on several potential applications. Urban reconstruction combines photogrammetry, remote sensing, computer vision, and computer graphics. Even though there is a huge volume of work that has been done, many problems still remain unsolved. Automation is one of the key focus areas in this research. In this work, a fast, completely automated method to create 3D watertight building models from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) point clouds is presented. The developed method analyzes the scene content and produces multi-layer rooftops, with complex rigorous boundaries and vertical walls, that connect rooftops to the ground. The graph cuts algorithm is used to separate vegetative elements from the rest of the scene content, which is based on the local analysis about the properties of the local implicit surface patch. The ground terrain and building rooftop footprints are then extracted, utilizing the developed strategy, a two-step hierarchical Euclidean clustering. The method presented here adopts a divide-and-conquer scheme. Once the building footprints are segmented from the terrain and vegetative areas, the whole scene is divided into individual pendent processing units which represent potential points on the rooftop. For each individual building region, significant features on the rooftop are further detected using a specifically designed region-growing algorithm with surface smoothness constraints. The principal orientation of each building rooftop feature is calculated using a minimum bounding box fitting technique, and is used to guide the refinement of shapes and boundaries of the rooftop parts. Boundaries for all of these features are refined for the purpose of producing strict description. Once the description of the rooftops is achieved, polygonal mesh models are generated by creating surface patches with outlines defined by detected vertices to produce triangulated mesh models. These triangulated mesh models are suitable for many applications, such as 3D mapping, urban planning and augmented reality

LIPIcs, Volume 258, SoCG 2023, Complete Volume

LIPIcs, Volume 258, SoCG 2023, Complete Volum

Videogame cities in motion

Videogame cities are 'real-and-imagined' spaces whose ubiquity as a setting for games illustrates the persistent fascination with the opportunities for play in urban space. In order to describe these videogame cities, we need a framework that considers them as they relate not only to one another, but to other material and immaterial cities as well. Cities, according to landscape architect Douglas Allen, have a constitutional order that describes their structure and a representational order that fills this space with activity. While these concepts are useful for thinking about the way space organizes and afford certain activities, I pose that the addition of an experiential order better addresses the 'specificity' that makes each real-and-imagined city unique. The experience of these videogame cities primarily emerges from the movement of the player as they are embodied as something acting in the space. The videogame city in motion brings to life the 'spaces of flows' - sequences of exchange and interaction ﾖ that sociologist Manuel Castells argues characterize the city in the information/computer age. Thus, not only do videogame cities draw on existing architecture, narratives, and mediations, they exhibit the traits of networked cities in their coordinated processes. By looking at the history of the development of the open-world city, its architectural organization, visual representations, algorithmic infrastructures, and how players traverse space, it is possible to paint a picture of what kinds of places these videogame cities are and how they allow us to reflect on urban form.Ph.D

The benefits of an additional practice in descriptive geomerty course: non obligatory workshop at the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Belgrade

At the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Belgrade, in the Descriptive geometry (DG) course, non-obligatory workshops named “facultative task” are held for the three generations of freshman students with the aim to give students the opportunity to get higher final grade on the exam. The content of this workshop was a creative task, performed by a group of three students, offering free choice of a topic, i.e. the geometric structure associated with some real or imagery architectural/art-work object. After the workshops a questionnaire (composed by the professors at the course) is given to the students, in order to get their response on teaching/learning materials for the DG course and the workshop. During the workshop students performed one of the common tests for testing spatial abilities, named “paper folding". Based on the results of the questionnairethe investigation of the linkages between:students’ final achievements and spatial abilities, as well as students’ expectations of their performance on the exam, and how the students’ capacity to correctly estimate their grades were associated with expected and final grades, is provided. The goal was to give an evidence that a creative work, performed by a small group of students and self-assessment of their performances are a good way of helping students to maintain motivation and to accomplish their achievement. The final conclusion is addressed to the benefits of additional workshops employment in the course, which confirmhigherfinal scores-grades, achievement of creative results (facultative tasks) and confirmation of DG knowledge adaption

The contemporary visualization and modelling technologies and the techniques for the design of the green roofs

The contemporary design solutions are merging the boundaries between real and virtual world. The Landscape architecture like the other interdisciplinary field stepped in a contemporary technologies area focused on that, beside the good execution of works, designer solutions has to be more realistic and “touchable”. The opportunities provided by Virtual Reality are certainly not negligible, it is common knowledge that the designs in the world are already presented in this way so the Virtual Reality increasingly used. Following the example of the application of virtual reality in landscape architecture, this paper deals with proposals for the use of virtual reality in landscape architecture so that designers, clients and users would have a virtual sense of scope e.g. rooftop garden, urban areas, parks, roads, etc. It is a programming language that creates a series of images creating a whole, so certain parts can be controlled or even modified in VR. Virtual reality today requires a specific gadget, such as Occulus, HTC Vive, Samsung Gear VR and similar. The aim of this paper is to acquire new theoretical and practical knowledge in the interdisciplinary field of virtual reality, the ability to display using virtual reality methods, and to present through a brief overview the plant species used in the design and construction of an intensive roof garden in a Mediterranean climate, the basic characteristics of roofing gardens as well as the benefits they carry. Virtual and augmented reality as technology is a very powerful tool for landscape architects, when modeling roof gardens, parks, and urban areas. One of the most popular technologies used by landscape architects is Google Tilt Brush, which enables fast modeling. The Google Tilt Brush VR app allows modeling in three-dimensional virtual space using a palette to work with the use of a three dimensional brush. The terms of two "programmed" realities - virtual reality and augmented reality - are often confused. One thing they have in common, though, is VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language. In this paper are shown the ways on which this issue can be solved and by the way, get closer the term of Virtual Reality (VR), also all the opportunities which the Virtual reality offered us. As well, in this paper are shown the conditions of Mediterranean climate, the conceptual solution and the plant species which will be used by execution of intensive green roof on the motel “Marković”

Richfield Field Office Planning Area - Proposed Resource Management and Final Environmental Impact Statement

The Proposed RMP was crafted primarily from the Preferred Alternative presented in the DRMP/DEIS (Alternative B) and includes other decisions within the range of alternatives (Alternatives N, A, C, and D) in response to public comments and internal review. The No Action Alternative (Alternative N) reflects current management. The BLM has removed the DRMP/DEIS Alternative B (Preferred Alternative) from the PRMP/FEIS. The other DRMP/DEIS Alternatives (Alternatives N, A, C, and D) and analyses are carried forward in the PRMP/FEIS only for comparative purposes and to correct some mistakes that were identified during the public comment period

La apropiación de las rentas del suelo en la ciudad neoliberal española

Texto resumen

Other Modernism : underpinning the case of the history museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The thesis advances the understanding of the changing role of modern European history museums marked by engagement and outreach as modes of addressing contemporary and conflicting issues of public history. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the institutional uses of heritage, highlighting the case of unique and under-represented 20th-century architecture and public museum(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspired by the communicative action concept, the research introduces a blended heritage discourse as a method to investigate the institutional role and architecture of the History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formerly known as the Museum of Revolution in Sarajevo. The transformations of the History Museum are observed through attitudes to architectural heritage and regional identity-shaping narratives, considering it as a case of embodied social energy at risk. The systematic analysis of previously inaccessible archival records on conception, construction and proposed interventions to the building, charts the field for further research, policy and practice of sustainable renovations. The research captures the key historic periods of modernisation of the urban environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on the continuity of the contextual regionalism in the work of architects sensitive to the local vernacular and the sense of place, as a unique quality within the original architectural modernism in Central Europe. Thus, it supplements the revisions of modernist discourse in the English speaking academia, with an exhaustive inclusion of the sources written in Bosnian (Croatian, Serbian) languages. The research shows that the Museum in Sarajevo has an original contribution to museology and that it demonstrates remarkable adaptability and resilience, faced with societal differentiation and fragmentation. Among other, this is manifested by strategic deployment of the Museum’s status as architectural heritage, which acts as a pivotal place of resistance to the adverse impacts of systemic and governance changes, where the fragmented social narratives might be constructively reassembled.The thesis advances the understanding of the changing role of modern European history museums marked by engagement and outreach as modes of addressing contemporary and conflicting issues of public history. It contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the institutional uses of heritage, highlighting the case of unique and under-represented 20th-century architecture and public museum(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspired by the communicative action concept, the research introduces a blended heritage discourse as a method to investigate the institutional role and architecture of the History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formerly known as the Museum of Revolution in Sarajevo. The transformations of the History Museum are observed through attitudes to architectural heritage and regional identity-shaping narratives, considering it as a case of embodied social energy at risk. The systematic analysis of previously inaccessible archival records on conception, construction and proposed interventions to the building, charts the field for further research, policy and practice of sustainable renovations. The research captures the key historic periods of modernisation of the urban environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on the continuity of the contextual regionalism in the work of architects sensitive to the local vernacular and the sense of place, as a unique quality within the original architectural modernism in Central Europe. Thus, it supplements the revisions of modernist discourse in the English speaking academia, with an exhaustive inclusion of the sources written in Bosnian (Croatian, Serbian) languages. The research shows that the Museum in Sarajevo has an original contribution to museology and that it demonstrates remarkable adaptability and resilience, faced with societal differentiation and fragmentation. Among other, this is manifested by strategic deployment of the Museum’s status as architectural heritage, which acts as a pivotal place of resistance to the adverse impacts of systemic and governance changes, where the fragmented social narratives might be constructively reassembled